HerbOS — Your Personalised Herbal Research Hub

(1→3)(1→6)-Beta-D-Glucan (High Molecular Weight)

Moderate

Polysaccharide (beta-glucan)

Found in 1 herb

[6]-Gingerol

Clinical trial

Phenolic ketone (5-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)decan-3-one)

Found in 1 herb

[6]-Shogaol

In vitro

Phenolic ketone (dehydrated gingerol derivative, 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)dec-9-ene-3-5-dione)

Found in 1 herb

1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ)

Clinical trial

Iminosugar / Piperidine alkaloid

Found in 2 herbs

1,8-Cineole

RCT

Monoterpenoid (eucalyptol)

Found in 1 herb

1,8-Cineole (Eucalyptol)

Clinical trial

Monoterpene oxide

Found in 5 herbs

14-Deoxyandrographolide

In vitro / Animal

Labdane diterpenoid

Found in 1 herb

2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde

In vitro / Animal

Aromatic aldehyde

Found in 1 herb

2-Methyl-3-buten-2-ol (Methylbutenol)

Preliminary

Tertiary allylic alcohol (monoterpene metabolite)

Found in 2 herbs

2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG)

In vitro / Animal

Stilbene glycoside

Found in 1 herb

3-Demethylcolchicine

In vitro

Alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

3-n-Butylphthalide

Observational

Phthalide (benzofuranone derivative)

Found in 1 herb

3'-O-methylnordihydroguaiaretic acid

Clinical trial

Methylated lignan

Found in 1 herb

4-Hydroxyisoleucine

RCT

Amino acid (branched-chain)

Found in 1 herb

5-HTP (5-Hydroxytryptophan)

Clinical trial

Non-protein amino acid / Serotonin precursor

Found in 1 herb

5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP)

Moderate

Aromatic amino acid / serotonin precursor

Found in 1 herb

6-Shogaol

Clinical trial

Phenylalkylketone

Found in 1 herb

7-Hydroxymitragynine

In vitro / Animal

Indole alkaloid (mitragynine metabolite)

Found in 1 herb

8-Prenylnaringenin (8-PN)

Moderate

Prenylated flavanone (phytoestrogen)

Found in 2 herbs

A-type Proanthocyanidins

Clinical trial

Condensed tannin

Found in 1 herb

Absinthin

Clinical trial

Sesquiterpene lactone

Found in 1 herb

Acanthospermal sesquiterpenes

In vitro

Sesquiterpene

Found in 1 herb

Acemannan

Clinical trial

Acetylated mannose polysaccharide (beta-1,4-linked polymannose)

Found in 1 herb

Acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA)

In vitro / Animal

Phenylpropanoid ester

Found in 1 herb

Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA)

In vitro

Pentacyclic triterpene (advanced oxidation derivative)

Found in 1 herb

Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA)

Meta-analysis

Pentacyclic triterpene

Found in 1 herb

Achillein

In vitro

Alkaloid (betonicine-type)

Found in 1 herb

Achyranthes bidentata saponins

Animal

Triterpenoid saponin

Found in 1 herb

Achyranthes polysaccharides

Animal

Polysaccharide

Found in 1 herb

Aconitine → Benzoylaconine → Aconine

Meta-analysis

Norditerpenoid alkaloid (C19-diterpenoid)

Found in 1 herb

Actein

Meta-analysis

Triterpene glycoside (cycloartane)

Found in 1 herb

Acteoside

In vitro / Animal

Iridoid glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Acteoside (Verbascoside)

Moderate

Phenylethanoid glycoside

Found in 2 herbs

Adenosine

Preliminary

Purine nucleoside

Found in 2 herbs

Adenosine and N6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-adenosine (HEA)

In vitro / Animal

Purine nucleoside and derivatives

Found in 1 herb

Adenosine derivative (N6-substituted)

In vitro / Animal

Nucleoside

Found in 1 herb

Aegeline

Animal

Amide alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Aescin

Clinical trial

Triterpene saponin

Found in 1 herb

Aesculin

Animal

Coumarin

Found in 1 herb

Agaric Acid (Agaricin)

Preliminary

Fatty acid derivative

Found in 1 herb

Agaritine

Moderate

Aromatic hydrazine (phenylhydrazine derivative)

Found in 1 herb

Agnuside

In vitro / Animal

Iridoid glycoside

Found in 2 herbs

Agrimoniin

In vitro / Animal

Ellagitannin

Found in 2 herbs

AHCC (Active Hexose Correlated Compound)

Clinical trial

Alpha-1,4-glucan-rich oligosaccharide (enzymatically processed mycelium extract)

Found in 1 herb

Ajmaline

Clinical trial

Indole alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Ajoene

Clinical trial

Organosulfur compound

Found in 1 herb

AKBA (3-O-Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid)

Meta-analysis

Pentacyclic triterpene

Found in 1 herb

Alantolactone

Clinical trial

Sesquiterpene lactone (eudesmanolide)

Found in 2 herbs

Albiflorin

In vitro / Animal

Monoterpene glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Alchorneine

Animal

Guanidine alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Alisol A 24-Acetate

Preliminary

Protostane-type tetracyclic triterpenoid

Found in 1 herb

Alisol B 23-Acetate

Preliminary

Protostane-type tetracyclic triterpenoid

Found in 1 herb

Alizarin

In vitro / Animal

Anthraquinone

Found in 2 herbs

Alkaloids

In vitro

Nitrogen-containing compounds

Found in 4 herbs

Alkaloids (unspecified)

Observational

Diverse nitrogen-containing compounds

Found in 1 herb

Alkannin

In vitro / Animal

Naphthoquinone

Found in 1 herb

Alkyl Glycosides

In vitro

Glycoside compounds

Found in 1 herb

Alkylamides

Meta-analysis

Alkamides

Found in 1 herb

Allantoin

Clinical trial

Purine derivative

Found in 7 herbs

Allicin

Clinical trial

Thiosulfinate

Found in 1 herb

Allyl isothiocyanate

In vitro

Isothiocyanate

Found in 1 herb

Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC)

Clinical trial

Isothiocyanate / glucosinolate metabolite

Found in 2 herbs

Aloe-emodin

In vitro

Anthraquinone (hydroxyanthraquinone)

Found in 1 herb

Aloin

Clinical trial

Anthraquinone glycoside (barbaloin)

Found in 1 herb

Alpha-amyrin and beta-sitosterol

In vitro / Animal

Triterpene / Phytosterol

Found in 1 herb

Alpha-guaiaconic acid

Traditional use

Resinous phenol (oxidized lignan derivative)

Found in 1 herb

Alpha-hederin

Clinical trial

Monodesmosidic triterpene saponin (oleanane-type aglycone)

Found in 1 herb

Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)

Clinical trial

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (C18:3 n-3)

Found in 2 herbs

alpha-Pinene

In vitro / Animal

Bicyclic monoterpene hydrocarbon

Found in 2 herbs

alpha-Terpinene

Preliminary

Monoterpene hydrocarbon (cyclohexadiene)

Found in 1 herb

Alpha-thujone

Preliminary

Monoterpene ketone (bicyclic)

Found in 1 herb

Amaranthine

In vitro

Betalain pigment

Found in 1 herb

Amarbelin (iridoid lactone)

Traditional use

Iridoid

Found in 1 herb

Amarogentin

Traditional use

Xanthone glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Amentoflavone

In vitro

Biflavonoid

Found in 1 herb

Amygdalin

In vitro / Animal

Cyanogenic glycoside

Found in 3 herbs

Anandamide

In vitro

Endocannabinoid (N-acylethanolamine)

Found in 1 herb

Andrographolide

Meta-analysis

Labdane diterpenoid

Found in 1 herb

Anemonin

In vitro / Animal

Lactone (dimerised protoanemonin)

Found in 2 herbs

Anethole

In vitro / Animal

Phenylpropene

Found in 3 herbs

Angelica polysaccharides (ASP)

In vitro / Animal

Polysaccharide

Found in 1 herb

Angelicin

In vitro

Furanocoumarin

Found in 1 herb

Angoroside C

Preliminary

Phenylethanoid glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Anthocyanins

In vitro

Flavonoid glycosides

Found in 2 herbs

Anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-rutinoside)

In vitro / Animal

Flavonoid

Found in 1 herb

Anthraquinone glycosides

In vitro

Anthraquinones

Found in 1 herb

Anthraquinones (emodin, chrysophanol, physcion)

In vitro

Anthraquinone

Found in 1 herb

Anthraquinones (emodin, chrysophanol)

In vitro

Anthraquinone

Found in 1 herb

Anti-androgenic compounds (ethyl acetate fraction)

In vitro

Phenolic

Found in 1 herb

Antioxidant polyphenols

In vitro

Mixed polyphenols

Found in 1 herb

Antirrhinoside

In vitro

Iridoid glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Antroquinonol

Clinical trial

Tetrahydro-ubiquinone derivative

Found in 1 herb

Antroquinonol B

Animal

Tetrahydro-ubiquinone derivative

Found in 1 herb

Apigenin

Clinical trial

Flavonoid

Found in 8 herbs

Apiol

Traditional use

Phenylpropanoid

Found in 1 herb

Apocynin

RCT

Acetophenone

Found in 1 herb

Aporphine

Mechanism inferred from aporphine alkaloid class; limited specific research on Nymphaea caerulea aporphine content

Isoquinoline alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Applanoxidic acid A

Preliminary

Lanostanoid triterpene (polyoxygenated)

Found in 1 herb

Ar-turmerone

In vitro / Animal

Sesquiterpene ketone

Found in 1 herb

Arabinogalactan Polysaccharides

Traditional

Mucilaginous heteropolysaccharide

Found in 1 herb

Arabinoxylan

Clinical trial

Hemicellulose polysaccharide

Found in 1 herb

Arborinine

Preliminary

Acridone alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Arbutin

Clinical trial

Hydroquinone glycoside

Found in 4 herbs

Arctigenin

Animal

Lignan

Found in 1 herb

Arctiin

In vitro

Lignan

Found in 1 herb

Aristolochic acid I

Clinical trial

Nitrophenanthrene carboxylic acid

Found in 1 herb

Aristolochic acid II

Clinical trial

Nitrophenanthrene

Found in 1 herb

Arjunetin

In vitro / Animal

Triterpene glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Arjunic acid

Animal

Triterpene acid

Found in 1 herb

Arjunolic acid

RCT

Triterpene carboxylic acid

Found in 1 herb

Armillaric acid

In vitro

Sesquiterpene

Found in 1 herb

Artemisia Ketone

In vitro

Monoterpene ketone

Found in 1 herb

Artemisinin

Meta-analysis

Sesquiterpene lactone (endoperoxide)

Found in 1 herb

Arundoin

In vitro / Animal

Triterpenoid

Found in 1 herb

Asarone (α and β)

Animal

Phenylpropanoid

Found in 1 herb

Ascaridole

In vitro

Bicyclic monoterpene endoperoxide

Found in 2 herbs

Ascorbic acid

Clinical trial

Vitamin C

Found in 1 herb

Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)

Clinical trial

Vitamin

Found in 2 herbs

Asiatic acid

In vitro / Animal

Triterpene

Found in 1 herb

Asiaticoside

Clinical trial

Triterpene saponin

Found in 1 herb

Aspalathin

In vitro / Animal

Dihydrochalcone flavonoid

Found in 2 herbs

Asparagine

In vitro / Animal

Amino acid

Found in 1 herb

Asparagus polysaccharides

In vitro / Animal

Heteropolysaccharide

Found in 1 herb

Asperuloside

Preliminary

Iridoid glycoside (monoterpenoid glucoside)

Found in 2 herbs

Astilbin

In vitro / Animal

Dihydroflavonol (flavanonol)

Found in 1 herb

Astragaloside IV

Preliminary

Cycloartane triterpenoid saponin

Found in 1 herb

Astragalus Polysaccharides (APS)

Strong

Heteropolysaccharide complex (predominantly glucans and galacturonans)

Found in 1 herb

Atlantone

In vitro

Sesquiterpene ketone

Found in 1 herb

Atractylodide I

Preliminary

Sesquiterpene lactone

Found in 1 herb

Atractylone

Preliminary

Sesquiterpene ketone

Found in 1 herb

Aucubin

Clinical trial

Iridoid Glycoside

Found in 8 herbs

Avenacins

In vitro / Animal

Steroidal saponin

Found in 1 herb

Avenanthramides

Clinical trial

Phenolic alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Avicularin

In vitro

Flavonoid glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Azadirachtin

In vitro / Animal

Tetranortriterpenoid (limonoid)

Found in 1 herb

Baccharin

Animal

Clerodane diterpene

Found in 1 herb

Bacopaside I

In vitro / Animal

Triterpenoid saponin (jujubogenin glycoside)

Found in 1 herb

Bacoside A

Clinical trial

Triterpenoid saponin (dammarane-type)

Found in 2 herbs

Bacosides A & B

Meta-analysis

Triterpenoid saponins

Found in 1 herb

Baicalin

In vitro / Animal

Flavone glycoside

Found in 2 herbs

Bauhiniastatin

In vitro / Animal

Stilbenoid

Found in 1 herb

Beech-tar creosote (guaiacol, creosol, xylenol)

Observational

Phenolic Mixture

Found in 1 herb

Benzaldehyde

Mechanism proposed but not definitively proven in humans; traditional use supports efficacy

Aromatic aldehyde volatile

Found in 1 herb

Berbamine

Clinical trial

Bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid

Found in 2 herbs

Berberine

Clinical trial

Isoquinoline alkaloid

Found in 8 herbs

Bergapten (5-methoxypsoralen)

Clinical trial

Linear Furocoumarin

Found in 2 herbs

Beta-1,3/1,6-D-Glucan (Oral Form)

In vitro / Animal

Branched polysaccharide (beta-glucan)

Found in 1 herb

Beta-1,3/1,6-D-glucans

Preliminary

Polysaccharides (high-molecular-weight beta-glucans)

Found in 1 herb

Beta-1,3/1,6-Glucans

Preliminary

Polysaccharide (beta-glucan)

Found in 1 herb

beta-Asarone

In vitro / Animal

Phenylpropanoid

Found in 2 herbs

Beta-caryophyllene

In vitro / Animal

Sesquiterpene

Found in 1 herb

beta-Elemene

Clinical trial

Sesquiterpene

Found in 1 herb

Beta-glucan

Clinical trial

Polysaccharide

Found in 1 herb

Beta-glucan polysaccharides

Preliminary

Polysaccharide (beta-1,3/1,6-glucan)

Found in 1 herb

Beta-glucan polysaccharides (GAP fractions)

Preliminary

Polysaccharide (beta-glucan)

Found in 1 herb

Beta-glucans

Moderate

Polysaccharide (beta-1,3/1,6-glucan)

Found in 1 herb

Beta-lapachone

Clinical trial

Naphthoquinone

Found in 1 herb

Beta-Sitosterol

Clinical trial

Phytosterol

Found in 6 herbs

beta-Thujone

Moderate

Monoterpene ketone

Found in 1 herb

beta-Turmerone

In vitro / Animal

Sesquiterpene ketone

Found in 1 herb

Betaine

Moderate

Trimethylglycine (quaternary ammonium compound)

Found in 1 herb

Betalains

In vitro / Animal

Nitrogen-containing pigments (betalamic acid derivatives)

Found in 1 herb

Betanin

Clinical trial

Betalain (betacyanin pigment)

Found in 1 herb

Betulin

Animal

Lupane triterpene (pentacyclic triterpenoid alcohol)

Found in 1 herb

Betulinic acid

Clinical trial

Triterpene

Found in 7 herbs

Bilobalide

In vitro / Animal

Sesquiterpene lactone

Found in 1 herb

Bioactive Polysaccharides

In vitro

Complex carbohydrates

Found in 1 herb

Biochanin A

Clinical trial

Isoflavone

Found in 1 herb

Bisabolol

Clinical trial

Sesquiterpene alcohol

Found in 1 herb

Bisdemethoxycurcumin

In vitro

Curcuminoid (diarylheptanoid with single methoxy group)

Found in 1 herb

Bitter principles

Traditional use

Iridoid and other bitter compounds

Found in 3 herbs

Blazein

Preliminary

Steroid (des-A-ergostane derivative)

Found in 1 herb

Boeravinone B

In vitro / Animal

Rotenoid (isoflavonoid)

Found in 1 herb

Boldine

In vitro / Animal

Aporphine alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Boswellic acids

Clinical trial

Pentacyclic triterpenes (keto-lactone and aldehyde forms)

Found in 1 herb

Brahmine

In vitro / Animal

Alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Bryonicin

Traditional use

Resinous glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Bryonin

Traditional use

Bitter glucoside

Found in 1 herb

Butylidenephthalide

In vitro

Phthalide

Found in 1 herb

Cactine

Traditional use

Alkaloid (phenylethylamine derivative)

Found in 1 herb

Caffeic acid

In vitro

Hydroxycinnamic acid

Found in 2 herbs

Caffeic acid & Chlorogenic acid

Clinical trial

Hydroxycinnamic acid

Found in 1 herb

Caffeic acid derivatives

In vitro / Animal

Hydroxycinnamic acid

Found in 4 herbs

Caffeic acid malic ester

Clinical trial

Phenolic ester (caffeic acid conjugate)

Found in 1 herb

Caffeine

Clinical trial

Xanthine alkaloid

Found in 2 herbs

Caffeine (Guaranine)

Clinical trial

Methylxanthine

Found in 1 herb

Calcium carbonate

Clinical trial

Mineral (inorganic salt)

Found in 1 herb

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Preliminary

Inorganic mineral (calcium salt)

Found in 1 herb

Calcium Phosphate (Hydroxyapatite)

Preliminary

Inorganic calcium phosphate mineral

Found in 1 herb

Calcium spirulan

In vitro

Sulfated polysaccharide (calcium-chelated spirulan)

Found in 1 herb

Californidine

In vitro / Animal

Isoquinoline alkaloid (benzylisoquinoline derivative)

Found in 1 herb

Calycosin

Preliminary

Phytoestrogen isoflavone (3'-hydroxyformononetin)

Found in 1 herb

Camphor

Animal

Bicyclic monoterpene ketone

Found in 4 herbs

Cannabidiol (CBD)

Clinical trial

Cannabinoid

Found in 1 herb

Canophylline

Animal

Sesquiterpene pyridine alkaloid (evonimine-type)

Found in 1 herb

CAPE (Caffeic acid phenethyl ester)

In vitro / Animal

Hydroxycinnamic acid ester

Found in 1 herb

Capsaicin

Clinical trial

Vanilloid alkaloid (N-vanillyl-6-methylhept-5-enamide)

Found in 1 herb

Cardenolide Glycosides (Asclepin)

Preliminary

Cardiac glycoside / Cardenolide steroid

Found in 1 herb

Cardiac glycosides

Observational

Steroid glycosides

Found in 1 herb

Cardioactive glycosides

In vitro

Cardiac glycosides

Found in 1 herb

Carnosic acid

Animal

Abietane diterpene

Found in 2 herbs

Carotol

In vitro

Sesquiterpene

Found in 1 herb

Carrageenan

In vitro / Animal

Sulfated polysaccharide

Found in 1 herb

Carvacrol

In vitro / Animal

Monoterpene phenol

Found in 4 herbs

Carvone

Animal

Monoterpene ketone

Found in 2 herbs

Carvone (R-(-)-carvone)

In vitro / Animal

Monoterpene ketone

Found in 1 herb

Cascarosides A/B

Clinical trial

Anthraquinone glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Castalagin

In vitro / Animal

Ellagitannin

Found in 1 herb

Casticin

In vitro / Animal

Polymethoxyflavone

Found in 2 herbs

Catalpin (iridoid glycoside)

Preliminary

Iridoid glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Catalpol

Clinical trial

Iridoid Glycoside

Found in 6 herbs

Catalpol (iridoid glycoside)

Preliminary

Iridoid glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Catalposide

Preliminary

Phenylpropanoid-iridoid ester

Found in 1 herb

Catechin

Clinical trial

Flavanol

Found in 2 herbs

Catechin tannins

In vitro / Animal

Flavan-3-ol polymer

Found in 1 herb

Catechins

In vitro / Animal

Flavan-3-ol

Found in 4 herbs

Catechol tannins

Clinical trial

Condensed tannins

Found in 1 herb

Caulosaponin

Case report

Steroidal saponin

Found in 1 herb

Cayaponoside

In vitro

Cucurbitane glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Ceanothine

In vitro

Peptide alkaloid (14-membered cyclopeptide)

Found in 1 herb

Cedrin

In vitro / Animal

Lignan

Found in 1 herb

Celastrine

In vitro / Animal

Sesquiterpene alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Celastrol

Animal

Quinone methide triterpenoid (pentacyclic)

Found in 2 herbs

Chamazulene

In vitro

Sesquiterpene (azulene derivative)

Found in 1 herb

Charantin

Clinical trial

Steroidal saponin

Found in 1 herb

Chebulagic acid

In vitro / Animal

Ellagitannin

Found in 2 herbs

Chebulinic acid

In vitro

Ellagitannin

Found in 3 herbs

Chelerythrine

In vitro

Benzophenanthridine isoquinoline alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Chelidonine

Animal

Benzophenanthridine alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Chelonin (bitter resinoid)

Preliminary

Resinoid (bitter principle)

Found in 1 herb

Chlorella Growth Factor (CGF)

Animal

Nucleotide-peptide complex (water-soluble extract of nucleic acids, amino acids, peptides, and polysaccharides)

Found in 1 herb

Chlorinated Coumarins

Preliminary

Halogenated aromatic compound (chlorinated/brominated coumarins)

Found in 1 herb

Chlorogenic acid

Clinical trial

Phenolic acid

Found in 17 herbs

Chlorogenic acids

Clinical trial

Polyphenol

Found in 1 herb

Chlorogenic and caffeic acid

In vitro

Phenolic acids

Found in 1 herb

Chlorophyll

Clinical trial

Porphyrin pigment (magnesium-containing tetrapyrrole)

Found in 1 herb

Christembine

In vitro

Alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Chrysin

Clinical trial

Flavone

Found in 1 herb

Chrysophanol

In vitro

Anthraquinone

Found in 1 herb

Cinchonidine

Preliminary

Quinoline alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Cinchonine

Moderate

Quinoline alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Cinnamaldehyde

Clinical trial

Phenylpropanoid aldehyde

Found in 3 herbs

Cinnamic acid

Moderate

Phenolic acid

Found in 1 herb

Cissampeline

In vitro

Bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Citral

In vitro / Animal

Monoterpene aldehyde

Found in 1 herb

Citral (Geranial + Neral)

Preliminary

Monoterpene aldehyde (acyclic)

Found in 1 herb

Citric acid

In vitro

Organic acid

Found in 1 herb

Citronellal

Clinical trial

Monoterpene aldehyde

Found in 1 herb

Cnicin

Clinical trial

Sesquiterpene Lactone

Found in 2 herbs

Cnicin-related sesquiterpene lactones

In vitro

Sesquiterpene Lactone

Found in 1 herb

Codonopsis polysaccharides

Clinical trial

Heteropolysaccharide

Found in 1 herb

Coixol

In vitro / Animal

Benzoxazinone

Found in 1 herb

Colchicine

Clinical trial

Alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Colchicoside

In vitro

Glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Collagen peptides

Clinical trial

Structural protein (hydrolyzed)

Found in 1 herb

Collagen-derived peptides

In vitro / Animal

Peptides / Amino acids

Found in 1 herb

Colocynthin (Citrullol)

In vitro / Animal

Triterpenoid Glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Columbamine

Traditional use

Isoquinoline alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Columbin

In vitro / Animal

Furanoditerpenoid bitter lactone

Found in 1 herb

Condensed tannins

Traditional use

Polyphenol

Found in 2 herbs

Condensed tannins (proanthocyanidins)

In vitro / Animal

Polyphenol

Found in 4 herbs

Condurangin A and B (Condurango Glycosides)

In vitro

Steroidal Glycoside (Pregnane)

Found in 1 herb

Conduritol A (Cyclitol)

In vitro

Cyclitol

Found in 1 herb

Conessine

Clinical trial

Steroidal alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Convallatoxin

Strong

Cardiac glycoside (cardenolide)

Found in 1 herb

Convallatoxol

Strong

Cardiac glycoside (cardenolide)

Found in 1 herb

Convalloside

Strong

Cardiac glycoside (cardenolide)

Found in 1 herb

Coptisine

In vitro / Animal

Isoquinoline alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Corallocin A

Preliminary

Aromatic compound (unique to H. coralloides)

Found in 1 herb

Cordycepic acid (D-mannitol)

Traditional use

Sugar alcohol (polyol)

Found in 1 herb

Cordycepin (3'-deoxyadenosine)

Moderate

Nucleoside analog (adenosine derivative)

Found in 2 herbs

Cordyceps militaris polysaccharides (CMP / beta-1,3/1,6-D-glucans)

Preliminary

High-molecular-weight beta-glucans

Found in 1 herb

Corilagin

In vitro / Animal

Ellagitannin

Found in 1 herb

Costunolide

In vitro / Animal

Sesquiterpene lactone

Found in 2 herbs

Coumarins

In vitro

Coumarin

Found in 7 herbs

Crocetin

Clinical trial

Carotenoid (apocarotenoid dicarboxylic acid)

Found in 1 herb

Crocin

In vitro / Animal

Carotenoid glycoside

Found in 2 herbs

Crofelemer (SP-303)

Clinical trial

Oligomeric proanthocyanidin

Found in 1 herb

Cryptolepine

Clinical trial

Indoloquinoline alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Cucurbitacin B

In vitro / Animal

Tetracyclic triterpenoid

Found in 2 herbs

Cucurbitacin R

Animal

Tetracyclic triterpene (cucurbitane)

Found in 1 herb

Cucurbitacins

In vitro / Animal

Triterpenoid

Found in 1 herb

Cucurbitacins B, E, and I

In vitro

Triterpenoid

Found in 1 herb

Cuminaldehyde

In vitro / Animal

Monoterpene aldehyde

Found in 1 herb

Curcumin

Meta-analysis

Diarylheptanoid (bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hept-4-ene-1,7-dione)

Found in 1 herb

Curcumol

Clinical trial

Sesquiterpene (guaiane-type)

Found in 1 herb

CVG (Coriolus versicolor glucan)

Preliminary

Beta-glucan (non-protein-bound)

Found in 1 herb

Cyanidin-3-glucoside

Moderate

Anthocyanin (flavonoid glycoside)

Found in 2 herbs

Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G)

Clinical trial

Anthocyanin

Found in 2 herbs

Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside & Cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside

Promising

Anthocyanin glycosides

Found in 1 herb

Cyanogenic compounds

In vitro

Cyanogenic glycosides

Found in 1 herb

Cycloastragenol

Strong

Cycloartane triterpenoid (aglycone of astragaloside IV)

Found in 1 herb

Cynarin

Clinical trial

Caffeoylquinic acid

Found in 1 herb

Cynaropicrin

Animal

Sesquiterpene lactone

Found in 1 herb

Cytopiloyne

In vitro / Animal

Polyacetylene

Found in 1 herb

D-Camphor

Clinical trial

Bicyclic monoterpenoid ketone

Found in 1 herb

D-fraction (Grifola frondosa proteoglucan)

Clinical trial

Protein-bound beta-1,6/1,3-glucan polysaccharide

Found in 1 herb

D-Pinitol

Preliminary

Cyclitol (inositol derivative)

Found in 1 herb

Dactylorhin A & B

In vitro

Phenanthrene

Found in 1 herb

Daidzein

Moderate

Isoflavone (phytoestrogen)

Found in 1 herb

Damnacanthal

Preliminary

Anthraquinone

Found in 1 herb

Daucol

Preliminary

Sesquiterpene

Found in 1 herb

Davallialactone

In vitro / Animal

Hypholomine-type styrylpyrone

Found in 1 herb

Decanoyl acetaldehyde (Houttuynin)

In vitro / Animal

Aldehyde (volatile)

Found in 1 herb

Dehydrocorybulbine (DHCB)

Clinical trial

Isoquinoline alkaloid (benzylisoquinoline derivative)

Found in 1 herb

Dehydrocorydaline (DHC)

In vitro / Animal

Isoquinoline alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Dehydrocostus lactone

In vitro / Animal

Sesquiterpene lactone

Found in 1 herb

Dehydrotumulosic Acid

Preliminary

Lanostane triterpenoid

Found in 1 herb

Delphinidin-3-glucoside

In vitro

Anthocyanin

Found in 2 herbs

Delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside

Preliminary

Anthocyanin glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Delphinidin-based anthocyanins

Clinical trial

Anthocyanin

Found in 1 herb

Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

Clinical trial

Cannabinoid

Found in 1 herb

Demecolcine (Colcemid)

In vitro / Animal

Alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Dencichine (Dencichin)

In vitro / Animal

Non-protein amino acid (β-N-oxalyl-L-α,β-diaminopropionic acid)

Found in 1 herb

Dendrobine

In vitro / Animal

Sesquiterpene alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Dendrobium polysaccharides

In vitro / Animal

Polysaccharide

Found in 1 herb

Dictyophorine A

Preliminary

Eudesmane-type sesquiterpene

Found in 1 herb

Dictyophorine B

Preliminary

Eudesmane-type sesquiterpene

Found in 1 herb

Dietary nitrates

Clinical trial

Inorganic anion (NO3-)

Found in 1 herb

Digitoxin

Clinical trial

Cardiac glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Digoxin

Clinical trial

Cardiac glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Dihydrocapsaicin

Clinical trial

Vanilloid alkaloid (reduced analogue of capsaicin)

Found in 1 herb

Dihydrohelenalin

In vitro

Sesquiterpene lactone (reduced α,β-unsaturated γ-lactone)

Found in 1 herb

Dill apiole

In vitro

Phenylpropanoid

Found in 1 herb

Dillapiole

In vitro

Phenylpropanoid

Found in 1 herb

Dioscorea polysaccharides (DOP)

Moderate

Polysaccharide (glucomannan and galactomannan fractions)

Found in 1 herb

Diosgenin

In vitro / Animal

Steroidal sapogenin

Found in 5 herbs

Diosphenol (Buchu Camphor)

Preliminary

Monoterpene ketone

Found in 1 herb

Diterpenes

In vitro

Diterpene glycosides

Found in 1 herb

Diterpenes (cafestol, kahweol)

Clinical trial

Diterpene

Found in 1 herb

Dopamine

Moderate

Catecholamine

Found in 1 herb

Eburicoic acid

In vitro

Lanostane triterpenoid (tetracyclic)

Found in 2 herbs

Ecdysteroids (20-hydroxyecdysone, ecdysone)

Animal

Steroid hormone analogs

Found in 1 herb

Ecdysterone

Animal

Phytoecdysteroid

Found in 1 herb

Ecdysterone (20-hydroxyecdysone)

In vitro / Animal

Phytoecdysteroid

Found in 1 herb

Echinacoside

Animal

Iridoid glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Eclalbatin

Animal

Triterpene saponin

Found in 1 herb

EGCG (Epigallocatechin gallate)

Clinical trial

Catechin (flavanol)

Found in 1 herb

Eleutheroside B (Syringin)

Clinical trial

Phenylpropanoid glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Eleutheroside E

Clinical trial

Lignan glycoside (syringaresinol diglucoside)

Found in 1 herb

Ellagic acid

In vitro / Animal

Phenolic lactone (ellagitannin metabolite)

Found in 10 herbs

Ellagitannins

In vitro

Hydrolyzable tannins

Found in 3 herbs

Ellagitannins (geraniin, corilagin)

In vitro / Animal

Hydrolysable tannin

Found in 1 herb

Ellagitannins (pedunculagin, casuarinin)

Clinical trial

Hydrolyzable tannin

Found in 1 herb

Ellagitannins (pedunculagin)

In vitro / Animal

Hydrolyzable tannin

Found in 1 herb

Ellagitannins (sanguiin H-6, lambertianin C)

In vitro / Animal

Hydrolysable Tannin

Found in 1 herb

Embelin

In vitro / Animal

Alkyl-substituted hydroxybenzoquinone

Found in 1 herb

Emblicanin A

In vitro / Animal

Tannin (Ellagitannin)

Found in 2 herbs

Emodin

Clinical trial

Anthraquinone aglycone

Found in 3 herbs

Enokipodin

In vitro

Sesquiterpene (cuparene-type)

Found in 1 herb

Ephedrine (trace)

In vitro / Animal

Phenylethylamine alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Epicatechin

Clinical trial

Flavanol (flavan-3-ol)

Found in 1 herb

Epigoitrin (R,S-goitrin)

In vitro / Animal

Oxazolidinethione

Found in 1 herb

Ergone

Moderate

Ergostane-type steroid (ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one)

Found in 1 herb

Ergosterol

Preliminary

Steroid (provitamin D2)

Found in 1 herb

Ergosterol peroxide

Preliminary

Steroid (ergostane-type peroxide)

Found in 2 herbs

Ergothioneine

Observational

Thiol-histidine betaine (sulfur-containing amino acid)

Found in 2 herbs

Erinacines (mycelial)

Moderate

Cyathane diterpenoid

Found in 1 herb

Erinacines A–I

Moderate

Cyathin diterpenoids

Found in 1 herb

Eriodictyol

In vitro / Animal

Flavanone

Found in 1 herb

Eritadenine

Preliminary

Nucleoside derivative (adenosine analog)

Found in 1 herb

Eritadenine (lentysine, lentinacin)

Animal

Purine alkaloid (adenosine derivative)

Found in 1 herb

Erucic acid

In vitro

Fatty acid

Found in 1 herb

Erysodine

In vitro

Erythrinan alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Erythravine

Animal

Erythrinan alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Erythrinine

Animal

Erythrinan alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Erythrocentaurin

In vitro

Secoiridoid Lactone

Found in 1 herb

Esculin

In vitro / Animal

Coumarin glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Essential fatty acids

In vitro

Polyunsaturated fatty acids

Found in 1 herb

Essential oil

In vitro

Volatile oil

Found in 4 herbs

Essential oil (carvacrol, thymol)

In vitro

Volatile oil

Found in 1 herb

Essential oil (geraniol, citronellol, rose oxide)

Clinical trial

Volatile oil

Found in 1 herb

Essential oil (p-cymene, fenchone)

In vitro

Monoterpenoid

Found in 1 herb

Estragole

In vitro / Animal

Volatile aromatic compound

Found in 1 herb

Estragole (methyl chavicol)

In vitro / Animal

Phenylpropanoid Ether

Found in 2 herbs

Eucalyptin

Preliminary

O-methylated flavone (dimethoxyflavone)

Found in 1 herb

Eugenol

Clinical trial

Phenylpropanoid

Found in 8 herbs

Euparin

In vitro

Benzofuran derivative

Found in 1 herb

Eupatorin

Animal

Flavone (polymethoxylated)

Found in 1 herb

Eurycolactone

In vitro / Animal

Quassinoid

Found in 1 herb

Eurycomanone

Clinical trial

Quassinoid

Found in 1 herb

Eustomin

In vitro

Xanthone

Found in 1 herb

Evodiamine

In vitro / Animal

Indoloquinazoline alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Fadogia Saponins

Animal

Steroid glycosides

Found in 1 herb

Falcarindiol

In vitro / Animal

Polyacetylene

Found in 1 herb

Falcarinol

In vitro / Animal

Polyacetylene

Found in 1 herb

Faradiol

Clinical trial

Triterpenoid

Found in 1 herb

Farnesol

Preliminary

Acyclic sesquiterpene alcohol

Found in 1 herb

Fatty acids

In vitro

Polyunsaturated fatty acids

Found in 1 herb

Fatty acids (linoleic, lauric, oleic)

Observational

Lipids

Found in 1 herb

Fenchone

In vitro

Monoterpene ketone

Found in 2 herbs

Ferulic acid

In vitro / Animal

Hydroxycinnamic acid

Found in 2 herbs

Ferulic acid esters

In vitro

Phenylpropanoid Ester

Found in 1 herb

Filicin

Clinical trial

Phloroglucinol derivative

Found in 1 herb

Fistulic acid

In vitro / Animal

Hydroxy acid

Found in 1 herb

Fixed Oil (linoleic acid-rich seed oil)

In vitro / Animal

Fatty Acid

Found in 1 herb

Flammulin

In vitro / Animal

Fungal immunomodulatory protein (FIP)

Found in 1 herb

Flavaspidic acid

Animal

Phloroglucinol butanoate

Found in 1 herb

Flavonoid glycosides

In vitro

Flavonoid

Found in 2 herbs

Flavonoids

In vitro / Animal

Flavonoid

Found in 36 herbs

Flavonoids (apiin, isovitexin)

In vitro

Flavone glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Flavonoids (kaempferol, quercetin)

In vitro

Flavonoid

Found in 1 herb

Flavonoids (luteolin-7-glucoside, apigenin glycosides)

In vitro

Flavone Glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Flavonoids (luteolin, apigenin)

In vitro / Animal

Flavone

Found in 1 herb

Flavonoids (mixed)

In vitro

Flavonoid glycosides

Found in 1 herb

Flavonoids (onopordin, apigenin)

In vitro

Flavonoid

Found in 1 herb

Flavonoids (osmundalin)

In vitro

Flavonoid

Found in 1 herb

Flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol, anthocyanins)

In vitro

Flavonoid

Found in 1 herb

Flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin)

In vitro / Animal

Flavonoid

Found in 1 herb

Flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol)

Clinical trial

Flavonoid

Found in 1 herb

Flavonoids (rutin, hyperoside)

In vitro

Flavonoid

Found in 1 herb

Flavonoids (rutin, quercetin)

In vitro

Flavonoid

Found in 1 herb

Flavonoids and phenolic acids

Preliminary

Polyphenol

Found in 1 herb

Flavonoids and phenolic compounds

In vitro

Polyphenolic compounds

Found in 1 herb

Flavonols (quercetin, kaempferol)

In vitro / Animal

Flavonoid

Found in 1 herb

Fomentariol

Preliminary

Purpurogallin derivative

Found in 1 herb

Formononetin

Preliminary

Isoflavone (4'-methoxyisoflavone)

Found in 3 herbs

Forskolin

Clinical trial

Labdane diterpene

Found in 1 herb

Forsythoside A

In vitro / Animal

Phenylethanoid glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Fragarine

Observational

Alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Frangulin A

Clinical trial

Anthraquinone glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Frangulin B

Clinical trial

Anthraquinone glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Fraxidin

In vitro / Animal

Coumarin

Found in 1 herb

Fraxin

In vitro / Animal

Coumarin glycoside

Found in 2 herbs

Friedelin

In vitro / Animal

Pentacyclic triterpenoid

Found in 1 herb

Fructooligosaccharide Polysaccharides

Preliminary

Polysaccharides (fructans)

Found in 1 herb

Fructooligosaccharides (inulin)

Clinical trial

Fructan polysaccharide

Found in 1 herb

Fukinolic acid

In vitro

Hydroxycinnamic acid ester

Found in 1 herb

Fulvic acid

Clinical trial

Humic substance

Found in 1 herb

Fumaric acid

In vitro

Organic acid

Found in 1 herb

Fumarine (Fumariline)

Clinical trial

Isoquinoline alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Furanocoumarins

In vitro

Furanocoumarin

Found in 3 herbs

Furanocoumarins (bergapten, xanthotoxin)

In vitro

Furanocoumarin

Found in 1 herb

Furanodienes

In vitro / Animal

Sesquiterpene (furanosesquiterpene)

Found in 1 herb

Furfural

In vitro

Furan aldehyde

Found in 1 herb

Furocoumarins

Moderate

Furocoumarin

Found in 2 herbs

GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid)

Preliminary

Inhibitory neurotransmitter

Found in 1 herb

Galactomannan

RCT

Polysaccharide (soluble fibre)

Found in 1 herb

Galangin

In vitro / Animal

Flavonol

Found in 1 herb

Gallic acid

Clinical trial

Phenolic acid (tannin)

Found in 7 herbs

Gallotannic Acid

Preliminary

Hydrolyzable polyphenolic tannin (gallotannin)

Found in 1 herb

Gallotannins

In vitro / Animal

Hydrolysable tannin

Found in 1 herb

Gallotannins (including galloyl glucose)

Preliminary

Hydrolyzable tannin

Found in 1 herb

Gallotannins (pentagalloylglucose)

In vitro / Animal

Hydrolyzable tannin

Found in 1 herb

Gamma-Linolenic Acid (GLA)

Clinical trial

Polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid (C18:3 n-6)

Found in 5 herbs

gamma-Terpinene

Preliminary

Monocyclic monoterpene hydrocarbon

Found in 1 herb

Ganoderic acids (A, B, C, D, F, T, DM)

Moderate

Lanostane-type triterpenoids

Found in 1 herb

Ganoderic acids (G. applanatum profile)

Preliminary

Lanostane triterpene (C30)

Found in 1 herb

Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLP / beta-1,3/1,6-D-glucans)

Moderate

High-molecular-weight beta-glucans and heteropolysaccharides

Found in 1 herb

Ganodermanontriol

Preliminary

Lanostane-type triterpenoid

Found in 1 herb

Garciniaflavonone

In vitro

Flavanone

Found in 1 herb

Garcinol

Preliminary

Polyisoprenylated benzophenone

Found in 1 herb

Gastrodin

Animal

Phenylpropanoid glycoside

Found in 1 herb

GB1 / GB2 Biflavonoids

Preliminary

Biflavonoid (amentoflavone derivatives)

Found in 1 herb

Gedunin

In vitro / Animal

Tetranortriterpenoid

Found in 1 herb

Gein (geranyl acetate glycoside)

Traditional use

Bitter glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Geniposide

In vitro / Animal

Iridoid glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Genistein

Clinical trial

Isoflavone

Found in 2 herbs

Gentiopicrin

Clinical trial

Secoiridoid Glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Gentiopicroside

Clinical trial

Secoiridoid glucoside

Found in 1 herb

Geraniin

In vitro / Animal

Ellagitannin

Found in 2 herbs

Germacrone

In vitro / Animal

Sesquiterpene (germacrane-type)

Found in 1 herb

Ginkgolides

Meta-analysis

Diterpene lactones

Found in 1 herb

Ginsenoside Rb1

Clinical trial

Protopanaxadiol-type saponin

Found in 1 herb

Ginsenoside Re

Clinical trial

Protopanaxatriol-type triterpenoid saponin

Found in 1 herb

Ginsenoside Rg1

Clinical trial

Protopanaxatriol-type saponin

Found in 2 herbs

Ginsenosides (Rb1, Re, Rg1)

Meta-analysis

Triterpene saponins

Found in 1 herb

Glucofrangulin A

In vitro / Animal

Anthraquinone diglycoside

Found in 1 herb

Glucomannan

Clinical trial

Polysaccharide

Found in 1 herb

Glucosinolates

In vitro

Glucosinolates

Found in 2 herbs

Glucosinolates (glucoerucin, glucoraphanin)

In vitro

Glucosinolate

Found in 1 herb

Glucotropaeolin

In vitro / Animal

Glucosinolate

Found in 1 herb

Glucuronoxylomannan (GXM)

Clinical trial

Acidic heteropolysaccharide (mannan backbone with xylose/glucuronic acid branches)

Found in 1 herb

Glycopeptides

Moderate

Peptide-polysaccharide conjugate

Found in 1 herb

Glycyrrhizin

Observational

Triterpenoid saponin

Found in 1 herb

Gomisin A

In vitro / Animal

Dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan

Found in 1 herb

Gonadotropins

Traditional use

Glycoprotein hormone

Found in 1 herb

GOPO (Galactolipid)

Clinical trial

Galactolipid

Found in 1 herb

Gossypol

Moderate

Polyphenolic bisnaphthalene aldehyde

Found in 1 herb

Gratiogenin

In vitro / Animal

Cardioactive glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Griffonin

In vitro

Lectin (glycoprotein)

Found in 2 herbs

Grifolan

In vitro / Animal

Beta-1,3-glucan (linear polysaccharide)

Found in 1 herb

Guaiaretic acid

Traditional use

Lignan (dibenzofuran-derived polyphenol)

Found in 1 herb

Guggulsterone Z

RCT

Steroid (pregnane derivative)

Found in 1 herb

Gurmarin

Preliminary

Disulfide-stabilised polypeptide (35 amino acids)

Found in 1 herb

Gymnemasaponins I–V

Preliminary

Triterpenoid saponins (oleanolic acid and bayogenin glycosides)

Found in 1 herb

Gymnemic Acids (I–VII)

Strong

Pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins (oleanane backbone)

Found in 1 herb

Gynostemma polysaccharides

Clinical trial

Polysaccharide

Found in 1 herb

Gypenosides

Clinical trial

Triterpenoid saponin (dammarane-type)

Found in 1 herb

Gypsogenin glycosides

In vitro

Bidesmosidic saponins

Found in 1 herb

Hamamelitannin

Clinical trial

Hydrolysable tannin

Found in 1 herb

Hanabiratakelide

In vitro

Beta-resorcylic acid lactone

Found in 1 herb

Harpagide

In vitro / Animal

Iridoid glycoside (monoterpene derivative)

Found in 2 herbs

Harpagoside

Clinical trial

Iridoid glycoside (monoterpene ester glucoside)

Found in 2 herbs

Hayatine

In vitro

Bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Hederacoside C

Clinical trial

Bisdesmosidic triterpene saponin (oleanane-type)

Found in 1 herb

Helenalin

Clinical trial

Sesquiterpene lactone (α,β-unsaturated γ-lactone)

Found in 1 herb

Heliosupine

Clinical trial

Pyrrolizidine alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Hemidesmin

In vitro / Animal

Pregnane glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Hericenones C, D, E, H

Moderate

Cyathane diterpenoid derivatives (aromatic compounds)

Found in 1 herb

Herniarin

In vitro

Coumarin glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Hesperidin

Clinical trial

Flavanone glycoside

Found in 2 herbs

Hibiscus acid (Hydroxycitric acid)

Animal

Organic acid

Found in 1 herb

Himachalol

In vitro / Animal

Sesquiterpene alcohol

Found in 1 herb

Hispidin

In vitro / Animal

Styrylpyrone (phenylpropanoid-polyketide hybrid)

Found in 1 herb

Hispidulin

In vitro / Animal

Flavone

Found in 2 herbs

Hispolon

In vitro / Animal

Polyphenol (styrylpyrone derivative)

Found in 2 herbs

Homogentisic acid

In vitro / Animal

Phenolic acid

Found in 1 herb

Homoisoflavanones

In vitro

Flavonoid (homoisoflavanone)

Found in 1 herb

Honokiol

Clinical trial

Neolignan (biphenol)

Found in 1 herb

Hordenine

In vitro

Phenylethylamine Alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)

In vitro

Heme metalloenzyme / peroxidase

Found in 1 herb

Host-derived alkaloids (variable)

Traditional use

Alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Hydrastine

In vitro

Isoquinoline alkaloid (phthalideisoquinoline)

Found in 1 herb

Hydrolysable tannins (ellagitannins, gallotannins)

Preliminary

Polyphenol (hydrolysable tannin)

Found in 1 herb

Hydroquinone

In vitro pharmacology documented

Phenolic compound

Found in 1 herb

Hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives

In vitro

Phenylpropanoids

Found in 1 herb

Hydroxycinnamic acids

In vitro

Phenolic acids

Found in 2 herbs

Hydroxycinnamic acids (chlorogenic, caffeic)

In vitro / Animal

Phenolic acid

Found in 1 herb

Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA)

Clinical trial

Chalcone glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Hydroxytyrosol

Clinical trial

Phenolic ether

Found in 1 herb

Hyoscyamine (l-atropine)

Clinical trial

Tropane alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Hyperforin

In vitro

Phloroglucinol derivative (prenylated hydroquinone)

Found in 2 herbs

Hypericin

Clinical trial

Naphthodianthrone (polycyclic dione)

Found in 2 herbs

Hyperoside

In vitro / Animal

Flavonol glycoside (quercetin-3-O-galactoside)

Found in 2 herbs

Hypoxoside

Preliminary

Norlignan glucoside (prodrug)

Found in 1 herb

Ibogaine

Case report

Indole alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Ibogamine and other alkaloids

Observational

Indole alkaloids

Found in 1 herb

Ibotenic acid

Well-established neurochemistry; human toxicology primarily from poisoning cases

Isoxazole alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Icariin

Clinical trial

Prenylated flavonol glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Icariside II (Baohuoside I)

In vitro / Animal

Prenylated flavonol aglycone

Found in 1 herb

Ichthynone

In vitro

Isoflavonoid (rotenoid)

Found in 1 herb

Immunoglobulins

Traditional use

Glycoprotein (antibody)

Found in 1 herb

Imperatorin

In vitro / Animal

Furanocoumarin

Found in 1 herb

Incensole acetate

Animal

Diterpene

Found in 1 herb

Indirubin

Clinical trial

Bisindole (indole alkaloid)

Found in 5 herbs

Inokosterone

Animal

Phytoecdysteroid

Found in 1 herb

Inotodiol

Preliminary

Lanostane-type triterpene

Found in 1 herb

Interfungin A

Preliminary

Polyphenol (highly oxygenated hispidin dimer)

Found in 1 herb

Interfungins A

In vitro

Phenyl polyketide (novel natural product)

Found in 1 herb

Inulin

Clinical trial

Polysaccharide (Fructan)

Found in 4 herbs

Inulin-type fructans

Clinical trial

Prebiotic polysaccharide

Found in 1 herb

Iodine

Traditional use

Trace mineral

Found in 1 herb

Iridin

In vitro / Animal

Isoflavone glycoside

Found in 2 herbs

Iridoid glycosides

In vitro / Animal

Monoterpenoid Glycoside

Found in 8 herbs

Iridoid glycosides (scabioside)

In vitro / Animal

Iridoid

Found in 1 herb

Irones

In vitro

Sesquiterpene-derived terpenoid

Found in 1 herb

Isoalchorneine

In vitro / Animal

Guanidine alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Isoflavone glycosides (genistin)

In vitro / Animal

Isoflavone glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Isoflavones (formononetin, biochanin A)

In vitro

Phytoestrogen

Found in 1 herb

Isoflavones (formononetin, calycosin, ononin)

Clinical trial

Isoflavone

Found in 1 herb

Isofuranodiene

In vitro

Sesquiterpene

Found in 1 herb

Isoliquiritigenin

In vitro / Animal

Chalcone

Found in 1 herb

Isomenthone

Preliminary

Monoterpene ketone

Found in 1 herb

Isomitraphylline

In vitro

Pentacyclic oxindole alkaloid (constitutional isomer of mitraphylline)

Found in 1 herb

Isopetasin

In vitro

Sesquiterpene (eremophilane isomer)

Found in 1 herb

Isopimpinellin

In vitro

Angular Furocoumarin

Found in 2 herbs

Isoquercitrin

Clinical trial

Flavonoid glycoside

Found in 2 herbs

Isorhamnetin

In vitro / Animal

Flavonol (O-methylated quercetin derivative)

Found in 2 herbs

Isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside

Preliminary

Methoxylated flavonol glycoside (flavonoid)

Found in 1 herb

Isothiocyanates

In vitro

Mustard oil glycosides

Found in 1 herb

Isothiocyanates (erucin)

In vitro

Isothiocyanate

Found in 1 herb

Isothiocyanates (Moringin / 4-O-α-L-rhamnosyloxy-benzyl isothiocyanate)

Moderate

Glucosinolate hydrolysis product

Found in 1 herb

Isovaleric acid

In vitro

Short-chain fatty acid

Found in 1 herb

Isovitexin

In vitro

C-glycosyl flavone

Found in 1 herb

Jaceosidin

In vitro

Flavone

Found in 1 herb

Jatamansone (Valeranone)

In vitro / Animal

Sesquiterpenoid ketone

Found in 1 herb

Jatorrhizine

In vitro / Animal

Isoquinoline alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Juglone

In vitro / Animal

Naphthoquinone

Found in 1 herb

Jujuboside A

Clinical trial

Triterpenoid saponin (dammarane-type)

Found in 2 herbs

Jujuboside B

Preliminary

Dammarane-type triterpenoid saponin

Found in 1 herb

Kaempferol

In vitro / Animal

Flavonol

Found in 3 herbs

Kaempferol & Quercetin

In vitro / Animal

Flavonoid

Found in 1 herb

Kaempferol and quercetin glycosides

In vitro / Animal

Flavonoid

Found in 1 herb

Kaempferol glycosides

In vitro

Flavonoid

Found in 2 herbs

Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (Nicotiflorin)

Preliminary

Flavonol glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Kavain

Meta-analysis

Kavalactone

Found in 1 herb

Kolaviron

In vitro / Animal

Biflavonoid complex (GB1 + GB2 + kolaflavanone)

Found in 2 herbs

Kurarinone

In vitro / Animal

Prenylated flavanone

Found in 1 herb

L-Canavanine

Preliminary

Non-protein amino acid

Found in 1 herb

L-DOPA (Levodopa)

RCT

Amino acid / Catecholamine precursor

Found in 1 herb

L-theanine

Clinical trial

Amino acid

Found in 1 herb

L-Tryptophan

In vitro

Amino acid

Found in 1 herb

Lactucin

Animal

Sesquiterpene lactone

Found in 3 herbs

Lactucopicrin

In vitro / Animal

Sesquiterpene lactone

Found in 2 herbs

Lactucopicrin and lactucin

In vitro

Sesquiterpene lactones

Found in 1 herb

Lamalbide

In vitro / Animal

Iridoid glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Lanostane Triterpenoids

Preliminary

Tetracyclic triterpene

Found in 1 herb

Lapachol

In vitro

Naphthoquinone

Found in 1 herb

Lapachol and naphthoquinone derivatives

Preliminary

Naphthoquinone

Found in 1 herb

Larreagenin A

In vitro

Triterpene saponin

Found in 1 herb

Lauric acid

In vitro

Saturated fatty acid

Found in 1 herb

Lectin (Mistletoe Lectin-I)

Animal

Carbohydrate-binding protein

Found in 1 herb

LEM (Lentinula Edodes Mycelium extract)

Clinical trial

Water-soluble mycelium extract (heterogeneous polysaccharide/lignan/protein mixture)

Found in 1 herb

Lentinan

Clinical trial

Beta-1,3/1,6-glucan (high-molecular-weight triple-helix polysaccharide)

Found in 1 herb

Leonurine

Clinical trial

Alkaloid (guanidine derivative)

Found in 2 herbs

Ligustilide

Observational

Phthalide

Found in 3 herbs

Ligustroside

In vitro / Animal

Iridoid glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Limonene

Animal

Monoterpene

Found in 3 herbs

Linalool

Clinical trial

Monoterpene Alcohol

Found in 5 herbs

Linalyl acetate

In vitro / Animal

Monoterpene Ester

Found in 2 herbs

Linoleic acid

In vitro

Fatty acid

Found in 1 herb

Liquiritigenin

In vitro

Flavanone phytoestrogen

Found in 1 herb

Liquiritin

In vitro / Animal

Flavanone glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Lobeline

Meta-analysis

Piperidine alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Lobetyolin

In vitro / Animal

Polyacetylene glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Loganin

Animal

Iridoid glycoside (monoterpene ester glucoside)

Found in 2 herbs

Long-chain fatty acid esters (C20–C24 fraction)

Animal

Saturated and monounsaturated long-chain fatty acid esters

Found in 1 herb

Lovastatin (Mevinolin)

Clinical trial

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (natural statin)

Found in 2 herbs

Lucidenic acids (A, C, D2, E2, F, P)

Preliminary

Lanostane-type triterpenoids

Found in 1 herb

Lupeol

In vitro / Animal

Pentacyclic triterpene

Found in 3 herbs

Luteolin

In vitro / Animal

Flavone

Found in 14 herbs

Luteolin & Isorhamnetin

In vitro / Animal

Flavonoid

Found in 1 herb

Luteolin and apigenin

In vitro

Flavones

Found in 2 herbs

Luteolin-7-diglucuronide

Preliminary

Flavone glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Luteolin-7-glucoside

Preliminary

Flavone glycoside (flavonoid)

Found in 1 herb

Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP)

RCT

Polysaccharide

Found in 1 herb

Lycopene

Observational

Carotenoid

Found in 1 herb

Macaenes

Traditional use

Unsaturated fatty acids/hydrocarbons

Found in 1 herb

Macamides

Clinical trial

Alkamides (fatty acid derivatives)

Found in 1 herb

Madecassoside

Clinical trial

Triterpene saponin

Found in 1 herb

Magnoflorine

In vitro / Animal

Aporphine alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Magnolol

Clinical trial

Neolignan (biphenol)

Found in 1 herb

Malic acid

In vitro

Organic acid

Found in 5 herbs

Malic and citric acid

In vitro

Organic acids

Found in 1 herb

Malvin (cyanidin-3,5-di-O-glucoside)

In vitro

Anthocyanin

Found in 1 herb

Mangiferin

In vitro / Animal

Xanthone glycoside

Found in 2 herbs

Mannitol

Clinical trial

Sugar alcohol

Found in 1 herb

MAP30

In vitro

Ribosome-inactivating protein

Found in 1 herb

Marmelosin

In vitro / Animal

Furanocoumarin

Found in 1 herb

Marrubiin

Traditional use documentation; mechanism inferred from bitter principle action

Diterpene bitter principle

Found in 1 herb

Marsdenine and analogues

In vitro

Steroidal Alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Mate saponins

Clinical trial

Triterpenoid saponin

Found in 1 herb

Matrine

Clinical trial

Quinolizidine alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

MD-fraction (Maitake D-fraction, purified)

In vitro / Animal

Purified protein-bound beta-glucan

Found in 1 herb

Melanin complex

Preliminary

Water-soluble eumelanin-type pigment polymer

Found in 1 herb

Menthofuran

Strong

Furanoid monoterpene

Found in 1 herb

Menthol

Clinical trial

Monoterpene alcohol (cyclic)

Found in 2 herbs

Menyanthol

Traditional use

Monoterpene (menthol-type volatile oil)

Found in 1 herb

Mesembrenol

Minimal research; pharmacology inferred

Alkaloid - phenethylamine derivative

Found in 1 herb

Mesembrenone

Limited research; mechanism inferred from structure and preliminary in vitro data

Alkaloid - phenethylamine derivative

Found in 1 herb

Mesembrine

Mechanism established in vitro; limited clinical trial data; primarily animal model evidence

Alkaloid - phenethylamine derivative

Found in 1 herb

Meshimakobnol A and B

In vitro

Sesquiterpene (drimane-type)

Found in 1 herb

Methyl salicylate

Clinical trial

Salicylate ester (methylated salicylic acid)

Found in 1 herb

Methylcytisine

Case report

Alkaloid (teratogenic)

Found in 1 herb

Methylcytisine (N-methylcytisine)

Case report

Quinolizidine alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Methyleugenol

Animal

Phenylpropanoid

Found in 1 herb

Methylophiopogonanone A

In vitro / Animal

Homoisoflavonoid

Found in 1 herb

Militarine

In vitro / Animal

Phenylpropanoid glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Mineral Complex

Traditional use

Multiple minerals (potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron)

Found in 1 herb

Minerals

Nutritional composition analysis

Essential minerals

Found in 1 herb

Minerals (potassium, magnesium)

Traditional nutritive use knowledge

Electrolyte minerals

Found in 1 herb

Mirabilis Antimicrobial Peptides (MAPs)

In vitro

Antimicrobial peptide

Found in 1 herb

Mitragynine

Animal

Indole alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Mitraphylline

Clinical trial

Pentacyclic oxindole alkaloid (indole-based monoterpenoid)

Found in 1 herb

Monotropein

In vitro / Animal

Iridoid glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Morindone

Preliminary

Anthraquinone

Found in 1 herb

Morroniside

In vitro / Animal

Iridoid glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Mucilage

Clinical trial

Polysaccharide

Found in 7 herbs

Mucilage (arabinogalactan polysaccharides)

Clinical trial

Polysaccharide

Found in 1 herb

Mucilage polysaccharides

Clinical trial

Polysaccharide

Found in 3 herbs

Mucilage polysaccharides (arabinogalactans, rhamnogalacturonans)

Clinical trial

Polysaccharide

Found in 1 herb

Mucilaginous polysaccharides

In vitro

Polysaccharide

Found in 4 herbs

Mucunine

Animal

Indole alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Muirapuamine (Ptychopetaline)

In vitro / Animal

Phenylethylamine-derived alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Munjistin

Preliminary

Anthraquinone

Found in 1 herb

Muscarine

Well-characterized receptor pharmacology; human toxicology from poisoning cases

Alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Muscimol

Mechanism well-established from animal models; human pharmacokinetics limited to case reports

Isoxazole alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Myrcene

In vitro / Animal

Monoterpene

Found in 2 herbs

Myriocin (ISP-1)

Strong

Sphingoid base analogue (long-chain alpha-amino acid)

Found in 1 herb

Myristicin

Clinical trial

Phenylpropanoid (allylbenzene)

Found in 3 herbs

Myrrhanol A

In vitro / Animal

Triterpene

Found in 1 herb

Myrtillin (Anthocyanin Complex)

Moderate

Mixed anthocyanin glycosides (15+ individual compounds)

Found in 1 herb

N. aurantialba polysaccharides (NAPs)

Moderate

Hetero-glucan polysaccharide

Found in 1 herb

N6-(2-hydroxyethyl)adenosine (HEA)

Moderate

Modified nucleoside (adenosine derivative)

Found in 1 herb

Nardosinone

In vitro / Animal

Sesquiterpene

Found in 1 herb

Nardostachone

Animal

Sesquiterpenoid

Found in 1 herb

Nattokinase

Clinical trial

Serine protease (bacterial enzyme)

Found in 1 herb

Neoruscogenin

Animal

Steroidal saponin

Found in 1 herb

Nepetalactone

Animal

Monoterpene (iridoid)

Found in 1 herb

Niaziminin

Preliminary

Thiocarbamate glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Nimbin

In vitro / Animal

Diterpenoid

Found in 1 herb

Nobiletin

In vitro / Animal

Polymethoxyflavone

Found in 1 herb

Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA)

In vitro

Lignan

Found in 1 herb

Nornuciferine

Pharmacology inferred from chemical structure and nuciferine analogy

Isoquinoline alkaloid - aporphine-type

Found in 1 herb

Nothofagin

In vitro

Dihydrochalcone flavonoid

Found in 2 herbs

Notoginsenoside R1

In vitro / Animal

Dammarane-type triterpene saponin

Found in 1 herb

Nuciferine

In vitro / Animal

Isoquinoline alkaloid - aporphine-type

Found in 2 herbs

Obacunone

In vitro / Animal

Limonoid triterpene

Found in 1 herb

Officinalic acid

In vitro

Lanostane triterpenoid (Agarikon-specific)

Found in 1 herb

Oleanolic acid

Clinical trial

Pentacyclic triterpenoid

Found in 6 herbs

Oleuropein

Clinical trial

Secoiridoid glycoside

Found in 2 herbs

Oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs)

Clinical trial

Proanthocyanidin polymer

Found in 3 herbs

Onjisaponins (A, B, C)

In vitro / Animal

Oleanane-type saponins

Found in 1 herb

Onopordopicrin

In vitro

Sesquiterpene Lactone (Guaianolide)

Found in 1 herb

Ophiopogonin D

In vitro / Animal

Steroidal saponin

Found in 1 herb

Opopanax gum polysaccharides

Traditional use

Gum Polysaccharide

Found in 1 herb

Organosulfur compounds (cepaenes, zwiebelanes)

Clinical trial

Organosulfur

Found in 1 herb

Osladin

In vitro

Steroidal saponin

Found in 1 herb

Osmund starch (mucilage)

Traditional use

Polysaccharide

Found in 1 herb

Other Alkaloids (Paynantheine, etc.)

In vitro

Indole and related alkaloids

Found in 1 herb

Other plant sterols (campesterol, brassicasterol)

Observational

Phytosterols

Found in 1 herb

Oxalic acid

Clinical trial

Organic acid

Found in 3 herbs

p-Cymene

In vitro

Monoterpene

Found in 2 herbs

P-hydroxybenzyl alcohol

In vitro

Aromatic alcohol

Found in 1 herb

p-Hydroxybenzyl isothiocyanate (p-HBITC)

In vitro

Aromatic isothiocyanate / glucosinolate metabolite

Found in 1 herb

P57 (polypeptide)

Animal

Polypeptide

Found in 1 herb

Pachyman

Moderate

Polysaccharide (beta-1,3-glucan)

Found in 1 herb

Pachymic Acid

Moderate

Lanostane triterpenoid

Found in 1 herb

Paeoniflorin

Clinical trial

Monoterpene glycoside

Found in 3 herbs

Paeonol

In vitro / Animal

Phenolic compound (acetophenone)

Found in 1 herb

Palmatine

In vitro / Animal

Protoberberine alkaloid

Found in 2 herbs

Palmitoleic acid (Omega-7)

Clinical trial

Monounsaturated fatty acid

Found in 1 herb

Palmitoylethanolamide

Clinical trial

N-acylethanolamine lipid mediator

Found in 1 herb

Paniculatine

In vitro / Animal

Sesquiterpene

Found in 1 herb

Parthenolide

Clinical trial

Sesquiterpene lactone (α,β-unsaturated γ-lactone with exocyclic methylene)

Found in 2 herbs

Patrinoside

In vitro / Animal

Iridoid glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Pectin (seed mucilage)

Traditional use

Polysaccharide

Found in 1 herb

Peimine (Verticine)

In vitro / Animal

Steroidal alkaloid (cevanine type)

Found in 1 herb

Peiminine (Verticinone)

In vitro / Animal

Steroidal alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Pelargonidin

In vitro

Anthocyanidin

Found in 1 herb

Perillaldehyde

Preliminary

Monoterpene aldehyde

Found in 1 herb

Petasin

Clinical trial

Sesquiterpene ester (eremophilane derivative)

Found in 1 herb

Petroselinic Acid

Preliminary

Monounsaturated fatty acid (C18:1 n-12)

Found in 1 herb

Peucedanin

In vitro / Animal

Coumarin

Found in 1 herb

Pfaffosides (A, B, C, D)

Animal

Glycosylated polyhydroxy compounds

Found in 1 herb

Phelligridins A-J

In vitro

Polymerized styrylpyrones (furanone derivatives)

Found in 1 herb

Phellinus linteus proteoglycan complex

Clinical trial

Protein-bound polysaccharide (proteoglycan)

Found in 1 herb

Phenolic acids

In vitro

Hydroxycinnamic acids

Found in 3 herbs

Phenolic acids (caffeic, chlorogenic)

In vitro

Phenolic acid

Found in 1 herb

Phenolic acids (ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid)

In vitro / Animal

Hydroxycinnamic Acid

Found in 1 herb

Phenolic acids (rosmarinic, caffeic)

In vitro

Phenolic acid

Found in 1 herb

Phenylethylamine

Observational

Trace amine / Neuromodulator

Found in 1 herb

Phenylpropanoids

In vitro

Phenolic

Found in 1 herb

Phillyrin (Forsythin)

Animal

Lignan glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Phthalides

In vitro

Lactones

Found in 1 herb

Phycocyanin

Clinical trial

Biliprotein (phycobiliprotein pigment)

Found in 1 herb

Phyllyrin

Animal

Lignan

Found in 1 herb

Physalin B

In vitro / Animal

Withanolide (Steroidal Lactone)

Found in 1 herb

Physalin F

In vitro

Withanolide (Steroidal Lactone)

Found in 1 herb

Phytolaccagenin

Preliminary

Triterpene saponin

Found in 1 herb

Phytosterols

In vitro

Sterol

Found in 2 herbs

Picrocrocin

In vitro / Animal

Monoterpene glycoside (iridoid)

Found in 1 herb

Picroside I

Clinical trial

Iridoid glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Pinellic acid

In vitro / Animal

Fatty acid (9,12,13-trihydroxy-10(E)-octadecenoic acid)

Found in 1 herb

Pinocamphone

Animal models and traditional use knowledge; limited human data

Monoterpene ketone volatile oil

Found in 1 herb

Pinocembrin

Clinical trial

Flavanone

Found in 1 herb

Piperine

Meta-analysis

Piperidine alkaloid

Found in 3 herbs

Piptamine

In vitro

Long-chain alkylamino antibiotic

Found in 1 herb

Piscidin

Traditional use

Rotenoid (pterocarpan-type isoflavonoid)

Found in 1 herb

Platycodin D

In vitro / Animal

Oleanane-type triterpene saponin

Found in 1 herb

Pleuran

Moderate

Polysaccharide (beta-1,3/1,6-glucan)

Found in 1 herb

Pleuran (beta-1,3-D-glucan)

Clinical trial

Polysaccharide (beta-glucan)

Found in 1 herb

Plumbagin

Clinical trial

Naphthoquinone

Found in 3 herbs

PMI-5011 Bioactive Fraction (Artemisia dracunculus Polyphenols)

Preliminary

Complex polyphenolic extract (chalcones, flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids)

Found in 1 herb

Pokeweed antiviral protein (PAP)

Moderate

Ribosome-inactivating protein (Type I RIP)

Found in 1 herb

Pokeweed mitogen (PWM)

Preliminary

Lectin (mitogenic glycoprotein)

Found in 1 herb

Polyacetylenes

In vitro

Aliphatic compound

Found in 1 herb

Polygalaxanthone III

In vitro

Xanthone alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Polygonatum lectins

In vitro

Mannose-binding lectins

Found in 1 herb

Polygonatum polysaccharides

Clinical trial

Heteropolysaccharide

Found in 1 herb

Polypeptide-p

In vitro / Animal

Polypeptide (insulin-mimetic)

Found in 1 herb

Polyphenols

In vitro

Phenolic compounds

Found in 2 herbs

Polyphenols and flavonoids

Preliminary

Phenolic compounds

Found in 1 herb

Polyphenols and tannins

In vitro / Animal

Phenolic compounds

Found in 1 herb

Polypodosides A & B

In vitro / Animal

Steroidal saponin

Found in 1 herb

Polyporenic Acid C

In vitro

Lanostane-type triterpenoid

Found in 1 herb

Polyporus polysaccharide (PPS)

Moderate

Polysaccharide (alpha-1,4-linked D-galactan)

Found in 1 herb

Polyporusterone A

Preliminary

Ergostane-type steroid

Found in 1 herb

Polysaccharide-protein complexes

Moderate

Glycoprotein / polysaccharide-peptide complex

Found in 1 herb

Polysaccharides

In vitro

Carbohydrate polymers - demulcent

Found in 3 herbs

Polysaccharides (arabinogalactans)

RCT

Heteropolysaccharide

Found in 1 herb

Polysaccharides (beta-glucans)

In vitro / Animal

Polysaccharide

Found in 2 herbs

Polysaccharides (CGPs)

Preliminary

Heteropolysaccharide

Found in 1 herb

Polysaccharides (CS-F10, CS-F30)

In vitro / Animal

Galactomannan and glucan polysaccharides

Found in 1 herb

Polysaccharides (high-molecular-weight)

Moderate

Immunomodulatory polysaccharides

Found in 1 herb

Polysaccharides (JCH-1, JCH-2)

Moderate

Heteropolysaccharide (mannose-glucose-galactose)

Found in 1 herb

Polysaccharides (P. baumii fraction)

Moderate

Polysaccharide (beta-glucan and heteropolysaccharide)

Found in 1 herb

Populin

In vitro

Benzoyl salicin (benzoate ester of salicin)

Found in 1 herb

Potassium nitrate

Traditional use

Mineral salt

Found in 1 herb

Pregnane glycosides and other steroids

Observational

Steroidal compounds

Found in 1 herb

Primveroside

Traditional use

Phenolic glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Pristimerin

In vitro / Animal

Quinone methide triterpenoid (friedelane-type)

Found in 1 herb

Proanthocyanidins

Clinical trial

Oligomeric proanthocyanidins

Found in 4 herbs

Proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins)

In vitro / Animal

Polyphenol

Found in 1 herb

Procyanidin (OPC)

Clinical trial

Proanthocyanidin

Found in 1 herb

Proflamin

Animal

Glycoprotein

Found in 1 herb

Proteolytic enzymes

In vitro

Digestive enzymes

Found in 1 herb

Protoanemonin

In vitro / Animal

Lactone

Found in 3 herbs

Protocyanin (cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside)

In vitro

Anthocyanin

Found in 1 herb

Protodioscin

Clinical trial

Steroidal saponin

Found in 1 herb

Protopine

In vitro / Animal

Isoquinoline alkaloid (benzylisoquinoline derivative, protoberberine-type)

Found in 2 herbs

Prunasin

In vitro / Animal

Cyanogenic glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Prunellin

In vitro

Polysaccharide (anionic)

Found in 1 herb

Pseudoginsenoside F11

Animal

Ocotillol-type saponin

Found in 1 herb

Pseudoisoeugenol II

Preliminary

Phenylpropanoid

Found in 1 herb

Pseudostellaria polysaccharides

In vitro / Animal

Heteropolysaccharide

Found in 1 herb

Pseudostellarin peptides

In vitro

Cyclic peptide

Found in 1 herb

PSK (Polysaccharide-K / Krestin)

Strong

Protein-bound beta-glucan (β-1,3/1,4-glucan with fucose side chains)

Found in 1 herb

Psoralen and bergapten

Strong

Furanocoumarin

Found in 1 herb

PSP (Polysaccharopeptide)

Moderate

Protein-bound polysaccharide

Found in 1 herb

Puerarin

Clinical trial

C-glycoside isoflavone

Found in 2 herbs

Pulegone

Preliminary

Monoterpene ketone

Found in 3 herbs

Punarnavine

In vitro / Animal

Alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Punicalagin

Clinical trial

Ellagitannin

Found in 1 herb

Purpurin

In vitro

Anthraquinone

Found in 2 herbs

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (lycopsamine, intermedine)

Strong

Pyrrolizidine alkaloid (1,2-unsaturated necine type)

Found in 1 herb

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA)

Well-established toxicology from animal studies and human case reports of hepatotoxicity and cirrhosis

Toxic alkaloids

Found in 1 herb

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (trace)

In vitro

Alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Quercetin

Clinical trial

Flavonoid

Found in 19 herbs

Quercetin and kaempferol glycosides

Clinical trial

Flavonoid

Found in 3 herbs

Quercetin and myricetin glycosides

Clinical trial

Flavonoid

Found in 1 herb

Quercetin and quercetin glycosides

Clinical trial

Flavonoid

Found in 1 herb

Quercetin and rutin

Clinical trial

Flavonoid

Found in 1 herb

Quercetin glycosides

Clinical trial

Flavonoid

Found in 2 herbs

Quercetin-3-rutinoside

In vitro / Animal

Flavonoid Glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Quercitrin

In vitro / Animal

Flavonoid glycoside

Found in 2 herbs

Quinidine

Strong

Quinoline alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Quinine

Strong

Quinoline alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Quinovic acid glycosides

Preliminary

Triterpenoid saponin

Found in 1 herb

Ramentaceone

In vitro

Naphthoquinone

Found in 1 herb

Ranunculin

Moderate

Glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Regaloside A

Preliminary

Phenylpropanoid glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Rehmannioside D

Animal

Iridoid glycoside

Found in 2 herbs

Reserpine

Clinical trial

Indole alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Reserpinine

In vitro / Animal

Indole alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Rhein

Clinical trial

Anthraquinone

Found in 4 herbs

Rhinocerin

Preliminary

Sesquiterpenoid

Found in 1 herb

Rooperol

Preliminary

Catechol norlignan (active metabolite)

Found in 1 herb

Rosarin

Clinical trial

Phenylpropanoid glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Rosavin

RCT

Phenylpropanoid glycoside (cinnamyl alcohol glycoside)

Found in 1 herb

Rosavins

RCT

Phenylpropanoid glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Rosin

Clinical trial

Phenylpropanoid glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Rosmarinic acid

Clinical trial

Hydroxycinnamic Acid Ester

Found in 20 herbs

Rotenone

In vitro / Animal

Isoflavonoid (pterocarpan-type)

Found in 1 herb

Rubiadin

In vitro / Animal

Anthraquinone

Found in 2 herbs

Ruscogenin

Clinical trial

Steroidal saponin

Found in 1 herb

Rutaecarpine

Clinical trial

Indoloquinazoline alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Rutin

Clinical trial

Flavonoid glycoside

Found in 10 herbs

Rutin (Quercetin-3-O-rutinoside)

Preliminary

Flavonol glycoside

Found in 2 herbs

Rutin (rutoside)

Strong

Flavonoid glycoside (quercetin-3-O-rutinoside)

Found in 1 herb

Rutin and quercetin glycosides

Clinical trial

Flavonoid

Found in 1 herb

Sabinene

In vitro

Monoterpene

Found in 1 herb

Sabinene hydrate (cis- and trans-)

In vitro

Monoterpene alcohol

Found in 1 herb

Safranal

In vitro / Animal

Monoterpene aldehyde

Found in 1 herb

Safrole

Animal

Phenylpropanoid (allylbenzene derivative)

Found in 1 herb

Saikosaponin A

In vitro / Animal

Oleanane-type triterpene saponin

Found in 1 herb

Saikosaponin D

In vitro / Animal

Oleanane-type triterpene saponin

Found in 1 herb

Salicin

Clinical trial

Phenolic glycoside

Found in 3 herbs

Salicortin

In vitro

Salicin ester (glycosylated saligenin derivative)

Found in 1 herb

Salicylaldehyde

Clinical trial

Aromatic aldehyde (salicylic acid precursor)

Found in 1 herb

Salicylic acid

Strong

Hydroxybenzoic acid (phenolic acid)

Found in 1 herb

Salidroside

Clinical trial

Phenylethanol glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Salvianolic acid B

Clinical trial

Polyphenolic acid ester

Found in 1 herb

Sambucine

Traditional use

Alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Sambunigrin

In vitro / Animal

Cyanogenic glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Sanguinarine

In vitro

Benzophenanthridine isoquinoline alkaloid

Found in 2 herbs

Saponins

Clinical trial

Saponin

Found in 12 herbs

Saponins (steroidal mixture)

In vitro

Steroidal Saponin

Found in 1 herb

Saponins (uncharacterized mixture)

Traditional use

Saponin

Found in 1 herb

Sarsasapogenin

In vitro / Animal

Steroidal sapogenin

Found in 1 herb

Sassafrasin

In vitro

Isoquinoline alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Schisandrin B

Clinical trial

Dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan

Found in 1 herb

Schizophyllan (SPG / Sonifilan / Sizofiran)

RCT

Beta-glucan polysaccharide (triple-helix beta-1,3-D-glucan)

Found in 1 herb

Schizophyllan Protein-Bound Fractions

In vitro

Glycoprotein complex

Found in 1 herb

Sclareol

In vitro

Diterpene Alcohol (Labdane)

Found in 1 herb

Scopolamine (hyoscine)

Clinical trial

Tropane alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Scopoletin

In vitro / Animal

Coumarin

Found in 9 herbs

Secoisolariciresinol

Preliminary

Plant lignan (dibenzylbutanediol)

Found in 1 herb

Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG)

Clinical trial

Lignan glycoside (phytoestrogen)

Found in 1 herb

Sedamine and sedaline

In vitro

Piperidine alkaloids

Found in 1 herb

Sedoheptulose

In vitro

Heptose sugar

Found in 1 herb

Segetalins

In vitro

Cyclic peptide

Found in 1 herb

Sennosides A & B

Clinical trial

Anthraquinone glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Sennosides A and B

Clinical trial

Anthraquinone glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Sennosides A/B

Clinical trial

Anthraquinone glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Serotonin

In vitro

Indole alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Sesamin

RCT

Lignan

Found in 1 herb

Sesamolin

In vitro / Animal

Lignan

Found in 1 herb

Sesquiterpene aryl esters

In vitro

Terpenoid

Found in 1 herb

Sesquiterpene essential oil components

In vitro

Terpenoid

Found in 1 herb

Sesquiterpene lactones

In vitro

Sesquiterpene lactones

Found in 4 herbs

Sesquiterpene lactones (Eupatorin)

In vitro

Terpenoid (germacranolide-type)

Found in 1 herb

Shankhapushpine

In vitro / Animal

Tropane-type alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Shatavarin

Observational

Steroidal saponin

Found in 1 herb

Shatavarin IV

Clinical trial

Steroidal saponin

Found in 1 herb

Shikimic Acid

In vitro

Alicyclic carboxylic acid

Found in 1 herb

Shikonin

In vitro / Animal

Naphthoquinone

Found in 2 herbs

Short-chain fatty acids (butyrate)

Clinical trial

Organic acid (fermentation product)

Found in 1 herb

Silicic acid

Preliminary

Mineral compound

Found in 1 herb

Silicic acid (orthosilicic acid)

Clinical trial

Mineral compound

Found in 1 herb

Silybin

RCT

Flavonolignan

Found in 1 herb

Sinapic acid

In vitro / Animal

Hydroxycinnamic acid

Found in 2 herbs

Sinigrin

In vitro / Animal

Glucosinolate

Found in 4 herbs

Sodium Pyroglutamate

Preliminary

Amino acid derivative

Found in 1 herb

Soladulcine

Traditional use

Steroidal Saponin

Found in 1 herb

Solanine

In vitro / Animal

Steroidal Glycoalkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Solasonine

In vitro / Animal

Steroidal Glycoalkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Sorbitol

Clinical trial

Sugar alcohol

Found in 2 herbs

Sparassis beta-glucan (SCG)

Clinical trial

Beta-1,3/1,6-glucan polysaccharide

Found in 1 herb

Sparassol

In vitro

Benzoate ester (phenolic compound)

Found in 1 herb

Sparganin

In vitro / Animal

Phenylpropanoid

Found in 1 herb

Sparteine

Clinical trial

Quinolizidine alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Speciogynine

In vitro

Alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Specnuezhenide

In vitro / Animal

Secoiridoid glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Spilanthol (Affinin)

Clinical trial

N-alkylamide (isobutylamide)

Found in 1 herb

Spinosin

Moderate

Flavonoid C-glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Spiraeoside

In vitro

Flavonol glycoside (quercetin derivative)

Found in 1 herb

Spirostanol Saponins (Borivilianosides)

Moderate

Steroidal saponins (spirostanol glycosides)

Found in 1 herb

Sporopollenin

In vitro / Animal

Biopolymer (carotenoid polymer, cell wall component)

Found in 1 herb

Stachydrine

In vitro / Animal

Alkaloid (pyrrolidine derivative)

Found in 2 herbs

Stachyose

Moderate

Oligosaccharide (tetrasaccharide)

Found in 1 herb

Steroidal saponins

Animal

Triterpenoid glycosides

Found in 3 herbs

Steroidal saponins (asparasaponin I, II)

In vitro / Animal

Steroidal saponin

Found in 1 herb

Stigmasterol

Preliminary

Phytosterol

Found in 1 herb

Superoxide dismutase (SOD)

Preliminary

Metalloenzyme (antioxidant enzyme)

Found in 1 herb

Swertiamarin

In vitro / Animal

Secoiridoid Glycoside

Found in 1 herb

SX-fraction

Clinical trial

Glycoprotein extract

Found in 1 herb

Syringin (eleutheroside B)

In vitro / Animal

Lignan glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Tamarixetin

In vitro

Flavonoid

Found in 1 herb

Tanetin

In vitro

Lipophilic flavonoid (6-methoxyflavone derivative)

Found in 1 herb

Tannins

In vitro

Polyphenol

Found in 43 herbs

Tannins (condensed)

In vitro / Animal

Polyphenol

Found in 1 herb

Tannins (gallotannins, ellagitannins)

In vitro

Polyphenol

Found in 2 herbs

Tannins and phenolic acids (chlorogenic, caffeic)

In vitro

Tannin / Phenolic Acid

Found in 1 herb

Tanshinone IIA

Clinical trial

Abietane diterpenoid quinone

Found in 1 herb

Taraxacin

Animal

Sesquiterpene Lactone

Found in 1 herb

Taraxasterol

In vitro / Animal

Triterpene

Found in 3 herbs

Taspine

In vitro / Animal

Alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Taurine

Strong

Amino sulfonic acid (conditionally essential nutrient)

Found in 1 herb

Tenuigenin

Animal

Triterpenoid saponin

Found in 1 herb

Terpenoids

In vitro

Monoterpene/sesquiterpene mixture

Found in 2 herbs

Terpinen-4-ol

In vitro / Animal

Monoterpene alcohol

Found in 3 herbs

Tetrahydropalmatine (THP / dl-THP)

Clinical trial

Isoquinoline alkaloid (protoberberine type)

Found in 1 herb

Tetrahydropalmatine (THP)

RCT

Isoquinoline alkaloid (benzylisoquinoline derivative)

Found in 1 herb

Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP)

Clinical trial

Pyrazine alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Tetronic acids

In vitro

Furanone derivatives

Found in 1 herb

Thalictrine

In vitro

Bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Theobromine

Clinical trial

Methylxanthine alkaloid

Found in 3 herbs

Thujone

In vitro / Animal

Monoterpene ketone (bicyclic)

Found in 2 herbs

Thujone and camphor

In vitro

Monoterpene ketones

Found in 1 herb

Thymol

Clinical trial

Monoterpene phenol

Found in 5 herbs

Thymoquinone

Clinical trial

Benzoquinone alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Tiliroside

Preliminary

Acylated flavonoid glycoside (kaempferol derivative)

Found in 2 herbs

Timosaponin B-II

In vitro / Animal

Steroidal saponin

Found in 1 herb

Tinosporin

In vitro / Animal

Diterpenoid

Found in 1 herb

Tocotrienols/Tocopherols

In vitro / Animal

Vitamin E Isomer

Found in 1 herb

Tormentillin

In vitro

Ellagitannin

Found in 1 herb

Tormentoside

In vitro

Triterpenoid Saponin

Found in 2 herbs

trans-Anethole

Clinical trial

Phenylpropanoid

Found in 2 herbs

trans-Resveratrol

Clinical trial

Stilbenoid (polyphenolic non-flavonoid)

Found in 1 herb

Tremella acidic polysaccharide (glucuronic acid-rich fraction)

In vitro / Animal

Acidic polysaccharide with high glucuronic acid content

Found in 1 herb

Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides (TFPS)

In vitro / Animal

Water-soluble heteropolysaccharide mixture (mannose, fucose, xylose, glucuronic acid)

Found in 1 herb

Tricin

In vitro / Animal

Flavone

Found in 3 herbs

Trigonelline

In vitro / Animal

Alkaloid (pyridine betaine)

Found in 2 herbs

Trillin

Preliminary

Steroidal saponin glycoside

Found in 1 herb

Trimyristin

Animal

Triglyceride (trimyristate)

Found in 1 herb

Triptolide

Clinical trial

Diterpene triepoxide (diterpene with three epoxide groups)

Found in 1 herb

Triterpenoid saponins

In vitro

Triterpenoid saponins

Found in 1 herb

Triterpenoid saponins (primulic acids A–E)

In vitro / Animal

Saponin

Found in 1 herb

Tryptanthrin

In vitro / Animal

Indoloquinazoline alkaloid

Found in 2 herbs

Tuberosin

In vitro / Animal

Pterocarpan (isoflavonoid)

Found in 1 herb

Type-A proanthocyanidins

Moderate

Polyphenol (oligomeric proanthocyanidin)

Found in 1 herb

Tyramine

Traditional use

Phenylethylamine alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Tyrosol

Clinical trial

Phenol (phenylethanoid)

Found in 1 herb

Umbelliprenin

In vitro

Prenylated coumarin

Found in 1 herb

Umckalin (6,8-Dihydroxy-5,7-dimethoxycoumarin)

Strong

Oxygenated coumarin

Found in 1 herb

Unsaturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids (trace)

Case report

Pyrrolizidine alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Urolithin A

RCT

Microbiome-derived metabolite (from ellagic acid)

Found in 1 herb

Ursolic acid

Clinical trial

Pentacyclic triterpenoid

Found in 6 herbs

Urtica dioica Agglutinin (UDA)

Preliminary

Hevein-domain lectin (chitin-binding plant lectin)

Found in 1 herb

Usnic acid

Preliminary

Dibenzofuran (usnic acid derivatives)

Found in 1 herb

Uzarin

Established

Cardenolide cardiac glycoside

Found in 2 herbs

Vaccaroside

In vitro / Animal

Triterpenoid saponin

Found in 1 herb

Valerenic acid

Clinical trial

Sesquiterpenoid carboxylic acid

Found in 2 herbs

Valtrate

In vitro / Animal

Valepotriate (iridoid)

Found in 1 herb

Vasicine (Peganine)

In vitro

Quinazoline alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Verbascosaponins

Animal

Saponin

Found in 1 herb

Verbascoside (Acteoside)

In vitro / Animal

Phenylpropanoid glycoside

Found in 2 herbs

Verbenalin

Animal

Iridoid glycoside

Found in 2 herbs

Vescalagin

In vitro / Animal

Ellagitannin

Found in 1 herb

Vicenin-2

In vitro

C-glycosyl flavone

Found in 1 herb

Vilangin

Animal

Dimeric benzoquinone

Found in 1 herb

Vincamine

Clinical trial

Indole alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Vinpocetine

Clinical trial

Semi-synthetic indole alkaloid

Found in 1 herb

Viopudial

In vitro

Coumarin derivative

Found in 1 herb

Viridiflorol

Preliminary

Bicyclic sesquiterpene alcohol (guaiane sesquiterpenoid)

Found in 1 herb

Viscotoxin (Viscotoxin A and B peptides)

Clinical trial

Ribosomal-inactivating peptide

Found in 1 herb

Vitamin C

Clinical trial

Ascorbic acid

Found in 3 herbs

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)

Clinical trial

Vitamin

Found in 2 herbs

Vitexin

Clinical trial

Flavone C-glycoside

Found in 3 herbs

Vitexin and isovitexin

In vitro

C-glycosyl flavones

Found in 1 herb

Vitexin-2′′-O-Rhamnoside

Preliminary

Flavone-C-glycoside (apigenin diglycoside)

Found in 1 herb

Volatile Essential Oils

In vitro / Animal

Terpene compounds

Found in 2 herbs

Volatile oil

Traditional use

Essential oil

Found in 1 herb

Volatile oils

Traditional use knowledge; general volatile oil pharmacology

Essential oil components

Found in 1 herb

Volatile resins

Traditional use knowledge; preliminary pharmacology; mechanism inferred from chemical composition

Terpene-based resins

Found in 1 herb

Wedelolactone

In vitro / Animal

Coumestan

Found in 1 herb

Withaferin A

Clinical trial

Steroidal lactone (withanolide)

Found in 1 herb

Withanolide A

In vitro / Animal

Steroidal lactone (withanolide)

Found in 1 herb

Withanolide B

In vitro / Animal

Steroidal lactone (withanolide)

Found in 1 herb

Withanolide D

In vitro

Steroidal lactone

Found in 1 herb

Withanolides

Meta-analysis

Steroidal lactones

Found in 1 herb

Withanolides (Ashwagandha-derived)

Clinical trial

Steroidal lactones

Found in 1 herb

Withanone

In vitro / Animal

Steroidal lactone (withanolide)

Found in 1 herb

Withanosides

In vitro / Animal

Steroidal lactone glycosides

Found in 1 herb

Wogonin

In vitro / Animal

Flavone

Found in 2 herbs

Xanthohumol

Preliminary

Prenylated chalcone (polyphenolic flavonoid precursor)

Found in 2 herbs

Xanthones

In vitro

Xanthone

Found in 1 herb

Xanthones (Garcinia-type)

In vitro

Xanthone (oxygenated heterocyclic)

Found in 1 herb

Xanthotoxin (8-methoxypsoralen / ammoidin)

Clinical trial

Linear Furocoumarin

Found in 1 herb

Xysmalobin

Preliminary

Cardenolide cardiac glycoside

Found in 2 herbs

Z-Ligustilide

In vitro / Animal

Phthalide

Found in 2 herbs

Zeatin

Preliminary

Cytokinin (adenine-type plant hormone)

Found in 1 herb

Zeaxanthin

Clinical trial

Carotenoid

Found in 1 herb

Zeaxanthin dipalmitate

Clinical trial

Carotenoid (xanthophyll ester)

Found in 1 herb

Zhankuic Acid A

In vitro / Animal

Ergostane-type triterpenoid

Found in 1 herb

Zingerone

In vitro / Animal

Phenylalkylketone (vanillyl acetone)

Found in 1 herb

α-Asarone

In vitro / Animal

Phenylpropanoid

Found in 1 herb

α-Cyperone

In vitro / Animal

Sesquiterpene

Found in 1 herb

α-Terpineol

In vitro

Monoterpene Alcohol

Found in 1 herb

β-(1→3)-D-glucan polysaccharides

Moderate

Beta-glucan polysaccharide

Found in 1 herb

β-Asarone

Animal

Phenylpropanoid

Found in 1 herb

β-Caryophyllene

In vitro / Animal

Sesquiterpene

Found in 2 herbs

β-Elemene

Clinical trial

Sesquiterpene

Found in 1 herb

β-Eudesmol

Preliminary

Sesquiterpene alcohol

Found in 1 herb

β-glucan polysaccharides

Preliminary

Beta-glucan polysaccharide

Found in 1 herb

β-Phellandrene

In vitro

Monoterpene

Found in 1 herb

Compound Explorer

(1→3)(1→6)-Beta-D-Glucan (High Molecular Weight)

[6]-Gingerol

[6]-Shogaol

1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ)

1,8-Cineole

1,8-Cineole (Eucalyptol)

14-Deoxyandrographolide

2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde

2-Methyl-3-buten-2-ol (Methylbutenol)

2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG)

3-Demethylcolchicine

3-n-Butylphthalide

3'-O-methylnordihydroguaiaretic acid

4-Hydroxyisoleucine

5-HTP (5-Hydroxytryptophan)

5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP)

6-Shogaol

7-Hydroxymitragynine

8-Prenylnaringenin (8-PN)

A-type Proanthocyanidins

Absinthin

Acanthospermal sesquiterpenes

Acemannan

Acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA)

Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA)

Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA)

Achillein

Achyranthes bidentata saponins

Achyranthes polysaccharides

Aconitine → Benzoylaconine → Aconine

Actein

Acteoside

Acteoside (Verbascoside)

Adenosine

Adenosine and N6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-adenosine (HEA)

Adenosine derivative (N6-substituted)

Aegeline

Aescin

Aesculin

Agaric Acid (Agaricin)

Agaritine

Agnuside

Agrimoniin

AHCC (Active Hexose Correlated Compound)

Ajmaline

Ajoene

AKBA (3-O-Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid)

Alantolactone

Albiflorin

Alchorneine

Alisol A 24-Acetate

Alisol B 23-Acetate

Alizarin

Alkaloids

Alkaloids (unspecified)

Alkannin

Alkyl Glycosides

Alkylamides

Allantoin

Allicin

Allyl isothiocyanate

Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC)

Aloe-emodin

Aloin

Alpha-amyrin and beta-sitosterol

Alpha-guaiaconic acid

Alpha-hederin

Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)

alpha-Pinene

alpha-Terpinene

Alpha-thujone

Amaranthine

Amarbelin (iridoid lactone)

Amarogentin

Amentoflavone

Amygdalin

Anandamide

Andrographolide

Anemonin