Glucuronoxylomannan (GXM)

The mannan backbone with glucuronic acid branches creates an extremely hydrophilic three-dimensional network structure that binds water molecules through extensive hydrogen bonding. Particle size is ~250× smaller than hyaluronic acid, enabling superior dermal penetration in topical applications. When ingested orally, GXM stimulates dermal fibroblast proliferation and upregulates endogenous hyaluronic acid synthesis via activation of the CD44 receptor signaling pathway. Also demonstrates direct antioxidant activity by scavenging superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, reducing UV-induced oxidative damage in keratinocytes.