Genistein

Extensively studied isoflavone with established estrogen receptor binding.

A 2019 meta-analysis of 10 RCTs in Nutrients found genistein supplementation (54 mg/day) significantly improved bone mineral density at the lumbar spine in postmenopausal women over 12–24 months. Epidemiological data consistently associates high soy isoflavone intake (including genistein) with reduced breast and prostate cancer risk in Asian populations, though interventional data is less conclusive. In vitro anti-cancer effects are robust but require concentrations difficult to achieve through dietary intake alone.