Luteolin

Widely studied flavone present in many medicinal plants. Strong in vitro evidence for anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects. Bioavailability from A. afra preparations has not been specifically characterised.

Luteolin shows superior antioxidant capacity in TEAC and DPPH assays. Animal models demonstrate reduction in LPS-induced hepatic inflammation.

Luteolin is one of the most extensively studied anti-inflammatory flavones. Hepatoprotective activity documented in multiple preclinical models. Anti-inflammatory mechanism via NF-κB and COX-2 inhibition well established.

Strong preclinical evidence for anti-inflammatory activity.

Extensively studied flavonoid with strong anti-inflammatory and antiviral activity in preclinical and in vitro studies.

Luteolin demonstrates antihistamine and anti-inflammatory activity across multiple in vitro and animal models. Relevant to allergic conjunctivitis and rhinitis applications.

Mast cell stabilisation comparable to cromoglycate in vitro. Neuroprotective in Alzheimer's models. Anti-inflammatory in asthma models via eosinophil suppression.

Luteolin is among the most extensively researched natural flavones. Consistent anti-inflammatory effects documented across dozens of in vitro and in vivo models. Neuroprotective activity established in rodent ischemic stroke models with reduced infarct volume and improved neurological scores. Human bioavailability studies confirm systemic absorption. Clinical trials specifically for chrysanthemum-derived luteolin are limited; most evidence is from isolated compound or combined formula studies.

Well-studied flavone with documented anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity.

Luteolin demonstrates superior antioxidant capacity. Anxiolytic properties support stress-related digestive complaints.

Well-characterized flavone with strong anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antihistamine activity.

Luteolin has demonstrated anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective effects in numerous preclinical studies. Clinical evidence supports anti-inflammatory effects in allergic conditions. Synergistic activity with apigenin has been documented in vitro.

Anti-allergic effects validated in OVA-sensitized mouse models of allergic airway inflammation — reduced eosinophil infiltration, mucus production, and Th2 cytokines (Jang et al., 2010). Neuroprotective effects in Alzheimer's models — reduced amyloid-beta-induced toxicity and neuroinflammation in vitro and in vivo. Anti-cancer effects in multiple cancer cell lines via apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest. Low oral bioavailability limits direct clinical translation — typically consumed as part of whole-herb preparations.

Well-characterized flavone with broad anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity.