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alpha-Pinene

In vitro / Animal
Bicyclic monoterpene hydrocarbon

Mechanism of Action

Alpha-pinene contributes to the bronchodilatory and anti-inflammatory effects of eucalyptus oil. It acts as a bronchodilator by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase activity and by modulating muscarinic receptor signaling in airway smooth muscle, promoting relaxation. Anti-inflammatory activity is mediated through inhibition of NF-κB signaling, suppression of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways (including p38 and JNK), and reduction of inflammatory cytokine production. Alpha-pinene also demonstrates antimicrobial activity through disruption of microbial membrane integrity and has shown gastroprotective effects through enhanced mucus production and prostaglandin-mediated cytoprotection.
Anti-inflammatory via inhibition of NF-kB and IL-6; bronchodilatory; antimicrobial through cell membrane disruption

Research Notes

EucalyptusWestern

Animal studies have demonstrated alpha-pinene's bronchodilatory activity at inhaled concentrations comparable to those achieved in eucalyptus steam inhalation, with efficacy approaching that of ipratropium bromide in some models. In vitro anti-inflammatory studies show dose-dependent inhibition of IL-6 and TNF-α production from LPS-stimulated macrophages. Alpha-pinene typically constitutes 2-10% of E. globulus oil and acts synergistically with 1,8-cineole for respiratory benefit. Clinical evidence specific to alpha-pinene in isolation remains limited, with most evidence derived from essential oil whole-fraction studies.

Juniper BerryWestern

Alpha-pinene demonstrates broad anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects, contributing to juniper's traditional use for infections and inflammatory conditions.

Found In 2 Herbs

Eucalyptus

Eucalyptus

Western
Juniper Berry

Juniper Berry

Western

3D Molecular Structure

Bicyclic monoterpene hydrocarbon
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alpha-Pinene

Bicyclic monoterpene hydrocarbonAromatic plant metabolites with anti-inflammatory properties

Representative pattern: C₁₀H₁₆O

Atoms
Carbon
Oxygen
Hydrogen

Live Research

Open on PubMed

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These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. This content is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice.