Flavonoids

General flavonoid pharmacology is well established. Specific flavonoid profiles and clinical activity in Acanthus mollis require further characterisation.

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory flavonoids supporting the wound-healing profile.

Flavonoids with confirmed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in water extracts.

Contribute to overall anti-inflammatory and cooling action.

Antioxidant flavonoids contributing to anti-inflammatory activity.

May contribute to overall soothing effect through general anti-inflammatory properties.

Standard flavonoid glycosides providing antioxidant support. Well-characterised class of compounds with established anti-inflammatory mechanisms.

General antioxidant properties documented; species-specific significance unclear

Standard flavonoid glycoside fraction providing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory support for skin and lymphatic applications.

Well-characterised dietary flavonoids providing standard antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Secondary to isothiocyanate fraction in pharmacological significance.

Standard flavonoid glycoside fraction providing antioxidant, capillary-protective, and anti-inflammatory support.

Flavonoid glycoside fraction contributing to anti-inflammatory and diuretic activity. Supports uric acid excretion.

Standard flavonoid glycoside fraction providing anti-inflammatory and capillary-protective support for mucosal applications.

Standard flavonoid glycoside fraction providing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory support. Consistent with cooling tonic applications.

Flavonoids contribute to the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing profile of the plant.

Standard flavonoid glycosides identified in the aerial parts. Antioxidant and mild anti-inflammatory activity demonstrated in vitro. Limited study specific to this species.

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory flavonoids contributing to the overall anti-hemorrhagic profile.

Broad antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity from the flavonoid fraction.

Flavonoid fraction provides antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity supporting respiratory and wound-healing uses.

Standard flavonoid glycosides contributing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory support. Well-characterised compound class.

Standard flavonoid fraction contributing antioxidant and vascular-supportive properties.

Standard flavonoid fraction providing anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory support.

Standard flavonoid fraction providing complementary antioxidant and anti-inflammatory support.

Standard flavonoid fraction complementing the high vitamin C content with additional antioxidant and vascular-protective effects.

Standard fruit flavonoid fraction contributing capillary-strengthening and antioxidant effects. Supports vascular integrity relevant to hemostatic applications.

General flavonoid vascular-protective properties well-established.

Flavonoid glycosides including hyperoside and isorhamnetin provide anti-inflammatory and antioxidant support for respiratory applications.

Standard flavonoid glycoside fraction providing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory support.

Linarin and pectolinarin are characteristic flavonoids of Linaria species. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity demonstrated in vitro.

Quercetin and kaempferol glycosides provide established anti-inflammatory and antioxidant support.

Rutin and hyperoside are established anti-inflammatory and capillary-protective flavonoids supporting wound healing and skin regeneration.

Luteolin and quercetin derivatives with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.

May contribute to respiratory tract soothing through general anti-inflammatory properties.

Standard flavonoid glycoside fraction with established anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Quercetin and kaempferol are well-studied dietary flavonoids.

Luteolin and apigenin are established anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic flavonoids. Complement the terpene-based activity of the essential oil.

General flavonoid antioxidant properties well-established.