1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ)

Potent alpha-glucosidase inhibition — basis for anti-diabetic use. Reduced postprandial glucose in human studies. Antiviral activity against several enveloped viruses.

Multiple RCTs (primarily in Japanese and Chinese literature) demonstrate significant reduction in postprandial blood glucose (15–30% reduction in glucose AUC) with standardized mulberry leaf preparations containing DNJ. Efficacy comparable to acarbose in some head-to-head studies, with improved GI tolerability. DNJ also demonstrated anti-HIV activity in vitro by inhibiting viral glycoprotein processing.