Ganoderic acids (A, B, C, D, F, T, DM)

Ganoderic acids are oxygenated lanostane triterpenes that exert anticancer activity through multiple mechanisms: direct cytotoxicity via mitochondrial apoptosis induction (caspase-3/9 activation), inhibition of topoisomerase II, suppression of NF-κB-mediated inflammatory signaling, and inhibition of 5α-reductase. Ganoderic acid T specifically triggers apoptosis in metastatic lung cancer cells through mitochondrial dysfunction and MAPK pathway modulation. Ganoderic acid DM inhibits androgen receptor signaling, making it of interest in prostate cancer research. Collectively, they also modulate histamine release from mast cells (anti-allergic) and inhibit HMG-CoA reductase (cholesterol-lowering).