Xanthohumol

Xanthohumol demonstrates broad preclinical anticancer activity across multiple tumor types (breast, colon, prostate, hepatocellular) with mechanistic plausibility. However, bioavailability from beer is poor (extensive first-pass metabolism), and therapeutic doses in humans would require concentrated extract supplementation. A Phase I clinical trial evaluating xanthohumol pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers showed rapid clearance and extensive conjugation, limiting systemic exposure from dietary sources.