Ursolic acid

Ursolic acid contributes anti-inflammatory and mild diuretic effects, supporting uva ursi's use for urinary tract inflammation.

Ursolic acid contributes to holy basil adaptogenic and metabolic effects. Animal studies demonstrate anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, and anti-inflammatory activity.

A 2019 study in the Journal of Ethnopharmacology demonstrated that ursolic acid-enriched loquat leaf extract significantly reduced cough frequency in a guinea pig citric acid-induced cough model at doses of 50–200 mg/kg. In vitro studies have shown ursolic acid inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory mediator production in RAW 264.7 macrophages at concentrations of 10–40 uM. Multiple animal studies confirm anti-diabetic effects through enhancement of insulin sensitivity via AMPK activation and GLUT4 translocation.

Extensively studied triterpene with anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and hepatoprotective activity in preclinical and some clinical studies.

Ursolic acid is a major triterpenoid with extensive anti-tumor studies. Used clinically in China as adjunct cancer therapy.

Ursolic acid in hawthorn contributes to the herb's lipid-lowering profile with complementary mechanism to OPCs. Lipase stimulation in vitro supports the traditional use for meat and fat digestion. Anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects well-established in preclinical studies, though clinical translation remains limited.