Rosmarinic acid

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity extensively documented in cell and animal studies. COX-2 and LOX inhibition well characterised. Bioavailability studies show moderate oral absorption.

Anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects have been demonstrated in clinical trials — seasonal allergic rhinitis symptoms were significantly reduced by rosmarinic acid-rich perilla extract in an RCT. In the context of borage, rosmarinic acid in the leaf and flower contributes to the overall anti-inflammatory profile of aerial part preparations. Content typically ranges from 1–3% of dried leaf.

Rosmarinic acid in comfrey contributes significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects beyond allantoin's wound-healing action. Demonstrates pain-reducing properties in musculoskeletal inflammation through dual mechanism of oxidative stress reduction and inflammatory mediator inhibition.

Rosmarinic acid is a well-studied phenolic compound with established anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-allergic properties. Inhibits complement activation and eicosanoid synthesis.

Rosmarinic acid contributes to holy basil adaptogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. Demonstrates neuroprotective and anti-diabetic effects in preclinical models. Randomized trials support anxiolytic effects.

RCTs show improved mood and cognitive function; in vitro inhibition of TSH receptor binding; GABA-T inhibition confirmed

A randomized trial (Takano et al., 2004) demonstrated rosmarinic acid-containing Perilla extract significantly reduced allergic rhinitis symptoms vs. placebo. Multiple clinical trials for rosemary and Perilla (both rosmarinic acid-rich) support anti-allergic and antioxidant efficacy. AChE inhibition confirmed in enzyme kinetic studies (IC50 ~280 µM).

Extensively studied phenylpropanoid with strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activity in preclinical and clinical contexts.

Anti-allergic effects demonstrated in RCT for seasonal allergic rhinitis (Takano et al., 2004) — perilla leaf extract standardized to rosmarinic acid reduced nasal symptoms significantly vs placebo. In vitro studies show inhibition of histamine release from mast cells. Anti-inflammatory potency comparable to indomethacin in carrageenan-induced paw edema models.

Rosmarinic acid demonstrates antioxidant capacity superior to many synthetic antioxidants. Animal models show hepatoprotective effects and intestinal tight junction integrity.

Perilla leaf extract enriched in rosmarinic acid significantly reduced symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis in a double-blind RCT (n=30, Takano et al., 2004) — nasal symptoms, eye itching, and PNIF improved vs placebo. Anti-inflammatory effects comparable to dexamethasone in murine ear edema models. In vitro inhibition of hyaluronidase and histamine release from RPM cells. Oral bioavailability studies show rapid absorption with peak plasma levels at 30 minutes and partial metabolism to caffeic acid conjugates.

Rosmarinic acid demonstrates anti-inflammatory activity reducing TNF-alpha and IL-6 in vascular inflammation models. Protects against atherosclerotic progression through antioxidant mechanisms. Major polyphenol in Rosemary.

Rosmarinic acid shows significant neuroprotective effects. It inhibits acetylcholinesterase, preserving acetylcholine levels. Multiple RCTs demonstrate cognitive improvement in healthy volunteers and Alzheimer's patients.

Rosmarinic acid has demonstrated antiviral activity against influenza viruses and broad anti-inflammatory effects through prostaglandin inhibition. Well-characterised pharmacologically.

Rosmarinic acid is a well-characterised phenolic acid with demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity through COX inhibition and antiviral properties.

Inhibits HSV-1 attachment and penetration in vitro; anti-inflammatory via COX-2 inhibition; inhibits TSH binding (basis for thyroid-related use in TCM)

Extensively studied phenylpropanoid with strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity.

Potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant; inhibits histamine release from mast cells; antiviral activity against respiratory viruses

Rosmarinic acid is a well-studied phenolic compound with established antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergic properties.

Well-characterised compound from Lamiaceae family; contributes to anti-anxiety and anti-inflammatory properties