Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA)

Well-established toxicology from animal studies and human case reports of hepatotoxicity and cirrhosis

Mechanism of Action

Hepatotoxicity: metabolized to pyrrolic electrophilic species that bind to hepatocellular DNA and proteins, creating hepatotoxicity, cirrhosis, and hepatic veno-occlusive disease. Carcinogenicity: genotoxic through DNA adduct formation. Teratogenicity: potential reproductive effects.

Research Notes

ColtsfootWestern

Well-established hepatotoxicity and carcinogenicity from in vivo studies and human case reports. Cumulative dose and duration determine toxicity. Individual metabolic factors affect susceptibility. Risk increases with repeated or prolonged exposure. Vulnerable populations (pregnancy, liver disease, children) at higher risk. Genetic polymorphisms in PA metabolism may create individual susceptibility variation.

Found In 1 Herb

Coltsfoot

Western

3D Molecular Structure

Toxic alkaloids

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Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA)

Toxic alkaloidsNitrogen-containing compounds with potent pharmacological effects

Representative pattern: C₉H₇N₂O

Atoms

Nitrogen

Carbon

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Live Research

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