Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC)

Clinical trial

Isothiocyanate / glucosinolate metabolite

Mechanism of Action

Potent TRPA1 agonist stimulating nociceptive C-fibers producing counter-irritant analgesia and reflexive mucus secretion; directly disrupts bacterial and fungal cell membranes at MIC concentrations achievable in respiratory secretions; activates Nrf2/ARE transcription factor inducing phase II detoxification enzymes (GST, NQO1, HO-1); inhibits HIF-1α-mediated hypoxic adaptation in cancer cells; anti-inflammatory via NF-κB pathway suppression at sub-toxic concentrations

TRPA1/TRPV1 channel agonist producing potent counter-irritant effects and local rubefaction via C-fiber activation; antimicrobial via membrane disruption and ATP synthase inhibition across Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria; Nrf2/ARE pathway activator inducing phase II detoxification enzymes; pro-apoptotic in cancer cells via mitochondrial ROS accumulation; NF-κB inhibition at anti-inflammatory concentrations

Research Notes

HorseradishWestern

Phase III clinical trials with Angocin Anti-Infekt N demonstrate efficacy for acute sinusitis and bronchitis comparable to standard antibiotics (n=959, Goos et al. 2006; Goos et al. 2007). Antimicrobial MIC values of 0.2–1 mM documented against S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and urinary E. coli. Nrf2 activation and chemopreventive activity validated in multiple cancer cell and animal models.

Mustard SeedWestern

German Commission E approved black mustard seed for topical rubefacient use based on established traditional evidence and mechanistic data. Antimicrobial MIC of 0.2–1 mM against major food pathogens well-documented in independent studies. Nrf2 chemopreventive activity confirmed in multiple cell and rodent carcinogenesis models. Clinical evidence primarily supports topical applications.

Found In 2 Herbs

Horseradish

Western

Mustard Seed

Western

3D Molecular Structure

Isothiocyanate / glucosinolate metabolite

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Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC)

Isothiocyanate / glucosinolate metaboliteBioactive phytochemical with therapeutic properties

Representative pattern: C₄H₂NO

Atoms

Carbon

Oxygen

Nitrogen

Hydrogen

Live Research

Open on PubMed

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