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Gymnemic Acids (I–VII)
StrongMechanism of Action
Competitively block sweet taste receptors (T1R2/T1R3), inhibit SGLT1 on enterocyte brush border, stimulate pancreatic beta-cell regeneration via PDX-1/Pax4 transcription factors, and activate lipolysis through PPARα upregulation.
Research Notes
Gymnema SylvestreAyurvedic
Shanmugasundaram et al. (1990) showed GS4 extract (400 mg/day × 18–20 months) reduced fasting blood glucose from 174.3 to 124.0 mg/dL and HbA1c from 11.91 to 8.48% in 22 Type 2 diabetic patients. A 2014 meta-analysis (n=322) confirmed significant reductions in fasting glucose and postprandial glucose.
Found In 1 Herb
3D Molecular Structure
Pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins (oleanane backbone)
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Gymnemic Acids (I–VII)
Pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins (oleanane backbone)Modified terpenes with diverse biological activities
Representative pattern: C₁₁H₁₄O₆
Atoms
Carbon
Oxygen
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